Design of a high‐performance advanced phase locked loop with high stability external loop filter

• Published in: IET circuits, devices & systems Vol. 17; no. 1; pp. 1 - 12
• Main Authors: Kasilingam, Kalpana, Balaiyah, Paulchamy, Nuagah, Stephen Jeswinde, Kumar Shukla, Piyush
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Stevenage John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.01.2023
• Subjects: advanced phase locked loop (ADPLL); Complementary metal oxide semiconductors; Design; Dividers; dynamic logic multiband flexible divider; Electric potential; Errors; feed‐forward ring voltage‐controlled oscillator (FRVCO); Frequency stability; Frequency variation; jitter; Low level; Noise measurement; Noise propagation; Oscillators; Phase locked loops; phase noise; phase‐frequency detector (PFD); prescaler; Sensors; Signal processing; Timing jitter; Transfer functions; Voltage
• ISSN: 1751-858X; 1751-8598
• DOI: 10.1049/cds2.12130

For this task, an improved phase locked loop (PLL) was developed using a more sophisticated phase‐frequency detector with multiband flexible dividers that provide enhanced frequency resolution, a better spectrum, and a better output signal. Great timing jitter was the problem for the old PLL designs because of the unbalanced frequency transfer function caused by the voltage‐controlled oscillator and noise introduced by increases in supply voltage. A new design was suggested for the phase‐frequency detector (PFD) such that PLL lock times are reduced while maintaining a low level of phase jitter. This way, they used fewer transistors, used less power, and had lower propagation holdup and smaller size compared to static PFDs. Additionally, forward ring voltage‐controlled oscillator may improve the resolution of frequency and phase variation errors owing to supply noise by balancing driving force ratios in the feed‐forward and feedback paths. Additionally, there is a dynamic sense flexible divider with several bands for separating special divisions (divide‐by‐47 and divide‐by‐48) that lacks a few extra flip‐flops which save considerable power and improves the frequency difficulties of the multi‐band divider. The advanced phase locked loop (ADPLL) has integrated phase and frequency errors, where the ADPLL excels. The supply noise is decreased by three reference clock cycles and the effect is that the measurement of jitter is better. Advanced Phase Locked Loop oscillates at frequencies ranging from 500 MHz to 4 GHz. A root mean square jitter of 1.29 ps is observed at 1 GHz. Our PLL is rated at 92.1‐μW, with power used at 0.31 mW/GHz. The aim of this article is to design a 180 mm CMOS‐based PLL circuit with a 400 MHz clock and a 0.65 V supply at a fast, dynamic phase frequency detector for resolution and stability.