Comparative Analysis of Characteristics Based on Three Processes of Kenaf Solid Fuel: Hydrothermal Carbonization, Torrefaction, and Low Ash Torrefaction
This study compared kenaf-based solid fuel characteristics using three processes: hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), torrefaction (TOR), and low-ash TOR, (LA_TOR). Solid fuels were produced by conducting the ash removal process at 50 °C for 60 min in an autoclave, followed by HTC or TOR at various te...
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Published in | The Korean journal of chemical engineering Vol. 41; no. 6; pp. 1743 - 1755 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
New York
Springer US
01.06.2024
Springer Nature B.V 한국화학공학회 |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | This study compared kenaf-based solid fuel characteristics using three processes: hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), torrefaction (TOR), and low-ash TOR, (LA_TOR). Solid fuels were produced by conducting the ash removal process at 50 °C for 60 min in an autoclave, followed by HTC or TOR at various temperatures (160, 200, 240, 280, and 320 °C) for 60 min. The resulting products' chemical compositions and fuel properties were then compared. The study found that under HTC at 320 °C, the product had the highest carbon content compared with the products from TOR and LA_TOR at 320 °C. Thus, HTC produced the highest-quality solid fuel of the three methods. However, this process showed a low energy yield and significant energy loss. In contrast, LA_TOR exhibited a high energy yield, low energy loss, and effectively reduced the ash content of the product. This demonstrates its suitability for industrial-scale applications that demand fuel with low ash content and energy loss.
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ISSN: | 0256-1115 1975-7220 |
DOI: | 10.1007/s11814-024-00141-1 |