HLA allele frequency of HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1 and -DQB1 in Indian recurrent implantation failure and recurrent pregnancy loss couples – A retrospective study

• Published in: Journal of reproductive immunology Vol. 163; p. 104225
• Main Authors: Shetty, Sachin, Santhosh, Ashly, S Pillai, Sree Parvathi, Gunasheela, Devika, Nayak, Rajsekhar, Shetty, Swathi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Ireland Elsevier B.V 01.06.2024
• Subjects: Abortion, Habitual - genetics; Abortion, Habitual - immunology; Adult; Allele frequency; Alleles; Embryo Implantation - genetics; Embryo Implantation - immunology; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Haplotype; HLA-A Antigens - genetics; HLA-B Antigens - genetics; HLA-C Antigens - genetics; HLA-C Antigens - immunology; HLA-DQ beta-Chains - genetics; HLA-DRB1 Chains - genetics; Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA); Humans; India; Male; Pregnancy; Recurrent Implantation Failure (RIF); Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL); Retrospective Studies; India; Allele frequency; Recurrent Implantation Failure (RIF); Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL); Haplotype; Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA)
• ISSN: 0165-0378; 1872-7603; 1872-7603
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2024.104225

The maternal-fetal interaction has been hypothesized to involve the human leucocyte antigen (HLA). It has been suggested that excessive HLA antigen sharing between spouses is a mechanism causing maternal hyporesponsiveness to paternal antigens encountered during pregnancy and thus leading to a miscarriage. Participants in this retrospective study are RIF and RPL couples who visited Gunasheela Surgical and Maternity Hospital, Bangalore, India from November 2019 to September 2022. A total of 40 couples with RIF and 195 couples with RPL are included in the study. We observed that the DQB1*02:01:01 allele is associated with an increase in risk of both RIF and RPL, while the C*12:02:01 allele increases risk of only RPL. On the contrary, DQB1*02:02:01 and DQB1*06:03 alleles appear to be protective against both RPL and RIF. In addition, the C*07:02:01 allele was observed to be protective against RPL. In conclusion, C*12:02:01 and DQB1*02:01:01 could play a major role in RPL which is consistent with other studies, while DQB1*02:01:01 is the risk allele in our RIF group. The protective alleles C*07:02:01 in the RPL group, DQB1*02:02:01, and DQB1*06:03 in both RIF and RPL, were discovered for the first time. Allele frequencies will vary in population-based studies depending on the ethnicities of the cohort. Meta-analysis and antibody testing will provide additional insights on whether and how this data can be adopted into clinical practices. •The C*12:02:01 and DQB1*02:01:01 alleles could play a major role in RPL group.•The DQB1*02:01:01 is the risk allele in our RIF group.•The alleles C*07:02:01 in the RPL group, DQB1*02:02:01, and DQB1*06:03 in both RIF and RPL groups showed a protective effect.