Fatty Acids Profile of Alphitonia neocaledonica and Grevillea exul var. rubiginosa Seed Oils, Occurrence of an ω5 Series

• Published in: Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society Vol. 87; no. 9; pp. 981 - 986
• Main Authors: Bombarda, I, Zongo, C, McGill, C. R, Doumenq, P, Fogliani, B
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Berlin/Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag 01.09.2010; Springer-Verlag; Springer
• Subjects: Agriculture; Alphitonia neocaledonica; Biological and medical sciences; Biomaterials; Biotechnology; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Fat industries; Food industries; Food Science; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; GC–MS; Grevillea exul var. rubiginosa; Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering; New Caledonia; Original Paper; Seed; ω5‐Monoene fatty acid; ω5-Monoene fatty acid; GC–MS; var; Seed; New Caledonia; Oils and fats industry; GC―MS; rubiginosa; Seeds; Lipids; Vegetable oil; Grevillea exul var; Fatty acids; Alphitonia neocaledonica
• ISSN: 0003-021X; 1558-9331
• DOI: 10.1007/s11746-010-1581-2

This is the first report of the chemical composition of Alphitonia neocaledonica (AN) and Grevillea exul var. rubiginosa (GER) seed oils. Using retention indices and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, an unusual family of unsaturated ω5-fatty acids has been identified. These include 14:1, 16:1, 18:1 and 20:1. Identification of the unsaturated fatty acids was confirmed by formation of DMOX derivatives which gave characteristic and easily interpreted mass spectra. DMDS adducts were used to identify the positions of double bonds in the monounsaturated fatty acids. The major fatty acids were 16:1ω5 (45.6%) and 18:1ω9 (20.9%) for GER and 18:2 (23.6%) and 18:3 (20.4%) for AN. The total ω5-monoenes were 63.4 and 21.5% for GER and AN, respectively. The seed oils of AN and GER can be considered as a good source of ω5-monoenes, especially for GER. The occurrence of the ω5-monoenes in Alphitonia neocaledonica can at present be considered as an exception within the Rhamnaceae family. Except for Ziziphus jujuba var. inermis, no species of this family has been described with a broad profile of ω5-monoene fatty acids.