Efficient Aperture Fill Time Correction for Wideband Sparse Array Using Improved Variable Fractional Delay Filters

• Published in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 24; no. 13; p. 4327
• Main Authors: Gu, Jie, Xu, Min, Zhou, Wenjing, Shen, Mingwei
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 03.07.2024
• Subjects: Accuracy; ADMM algorithm; Algorithms; Decomposition; Efficiency; Lagrange multiplier; minimax criterion; Optimization techniques; Symmetry; variable fractional delay (VFD); Variables; wideband sparse array; minimax criterion; wideband sparse array; variable fractional delay (VFD); ADMM algorithm
• ISSN: 1424-8220; 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s24134327

To solve the problem of aperture fill time (AFT) for wideband sparse arrays, variable fractional delay (VFD) FIR filters are applied to eliminate linear coupling between spatial and time domains. However, the large dimensions of the filter coefficient matrix result in high system complexity. To alleviate the computational burden of solving VFD filter coefficients, a novel multi-regultion minimax (MRMM) model utilizing the sparse representation technique has been presented. The error function is constrained by the introduction of L2-norm and L1-norm regularizations within the minimax criterion. The L2-norm effectively resolves the problems of overfitting and non-unique solutions that arise in the sparse optimization of traditional minimax (MM) models. Meanwhile, the use of multiple L1-norms enables the optimal design of the smallest sub-filter number and order of the VFD filter. To solve the established nonconvex model, an improved sequential-alternating direction method of multipliers (S-ADMM) algorithm for filter coefficients is proposed, which utilizes sequential alternation to iteratively update multiple soft-thresholding problems. The experimental results show that the optimized VFD filter reduces system complexity significantly and corrects AFT effectively in a wideband sparse array.