Further validation of a new ADHD screening questionnaire measuring parents' explanations (time processing, cognition, and motivation) of inattention symptoms in their school-aged children

• Published in: Child neuropsychology Vol. 30; no. 4; pp. 539 - 550
• Main Authors: Keulers, Esther H H, Resch, Christine, Jonkman, Lisa M, Hurks, Petra P M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England 18.05.2024
• Subjects: Attention - physiology; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - diagnosis; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - psychology; Child; Cognition - physiology; Female; Humans; Male; Motivation; Neuropsychological Tests - standards; Parents - psychology; Reproducibility of Results; Surveys and Questionnaires - standards; Time Perception - physiology; Construct validity; neuropsychological assessment; inattention; neuropsychological heterogeneity; parent report
• ISSN: 0929-7049; 1744-4136
• DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2023.2226351

The triple pathway model suggests that different neuropsychological factors underlie symptoms of inattention (i.e., time, cognition and/or motivation problems). However, screening instruments asking individuals to judge the link between these neuropsychological factors and inattention are lacking. The recently developed screening questionnaire, PASSC, aims to examine these factors possibly causing inattention by asking parents to indicate to what extent their child experiences inattention symptoms and to what extent different neuropsychological factors explain this inattention. The present study extends prior validation research of the PASSC by examining associations between PASSC inattention explained by time, cognition, and/or motivation and children's performance on tests measuring these same three constructs. Results indicated positive correlations between PASSC inattention explained by time and less accurate performance on a time discrimination test, and between PASSC inattention explained by cognition and more working memory errors as well as higher attention switching costs. Furthermore, children whose parents indicated that their inattention was best explained by cognition showed higher switching costs than children whose inattention was best explained by motivation. This support for construct validity of the PASSC is limited to two PASSC explanations (i.e., time, cognition) and a subset of tests (i.e., time discrimination, attention switching, memory span). Future research should focus on integrating PASSC and performance test results to differentiate between children with attention problems but different underlying neuropsychological problems. Concluding, the PASSC can be a promising screening tool to identify inattention in children and the underlying explanation indicated by parents.