Evaluation of the Diaphragm Muscle Remodeling, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Vascularization in Smokers: An Autopsy Study

• Published in: Cellular physiology and biochemistry Vol. 54; no. 4; pp. 567 - 576
• Main Authors: Nucci, Ricardo Aparecido Baptista, Maifrino, Laura Beatriz Mesiano, Busse, Alexandre Leopold, de Souza, Romeu Rodrigues, Pasqualucci, Carlos Augusto, Anaruma, Carlos Alberto, Leite, Renata Elaine Paraizo, Rodriguez, Roberta Diehl, Suemoto, Claudia Kimie, Jacob-Filho, Wilson
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany Cell Physiol Biochem Press GmbH & Co KG 05.06.2020
• Subjects: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine - metabolism; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Autopsy; Cigarette Smoking - adverse effects; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cyclooxygenase 2 - metabolism; Diaphragm - metabolism; Diaphragm - pathology; Female; Humans; Inflammation - pathology; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 - metabolism; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 - metabolism; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Smokers; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - metabolism; Autopsy study; Cigarette smoke; Diaphragm muscle; Histopathological analysis
• ISSN: 1015-8987; 1421-9778
• DOI: 10.33594/000000240

Cigarette smoking is a key factor in systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, and it has also been associated with the loss of muscle strength and an elevated risk of pulmonary diseases. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the effects of cigarette smoking on the diaphragm muscle structure of postmortem samples. Immunohistochemical techniques were used for muscle remodeling (metalloproteinases 2 and 9), inflammation (cyclooxygenase-2), oxidative stress (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine), and vascularization (vascular endothelial growth factor). Hematoxylin and eosin stain was used for histopathological analysis and Picrosirius stain was used to highlight the collagen fibers. Cigarette smokers had an increase of diaphragm muscle remodeling, oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascularization compared to non-smokers. Diaphragm muscle structure may be negatively affected by cigarette smoking.