Immunomodulatory effects of Isochrysis galbana incorporated diet on Oreochromis sp. (red hybrid tilapia) via Sera-1H NMR metabolomics study

• Published in: Fish & shellfish immunology Vol. 132; p. 108455
• Main Authors: Ahamad Bustamam, Muhammad Safwan, Pantami, Hamza Ahmed, Shaari, Khozirah, Min, Chong Chou, Mediani, Ahmed, Ismail, Intan Safinar
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.01.2023
• Subjects: Biomarkers; Fish feed; Innate immune system; Microalgae; Multivariate data analysis; Biomarkers; Microalgae; Innate immune system; Fish feed; Multivariate data analysis
• ISSN: 1050-4648; 1095-9947
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108455

Tilapia is one of the most common fish species that is intensively produced all over the world. However, significant measures at improving aquaculture health must be taken since disease outbreaks are often encountered in the rapidly developing aquaculture industry. Therefore, the objective of the study was designed to evaluate the metabolite changes in tilapia’ sera through 1H NMR metabolomics in identifying the potential biomarkers responsible for immunomodulatory effect by the indigenous species of Malaysian microalgae Isochrysis galbana (IG). The results showed that IG-incorporated diet mainly at 5.0% has improved the immune response of innate immunity as observed in serum bactericidal activity (SBA) and serum lysozyme activity (SLA). The orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) analysis indicated 5 important metabolites significantly upregulated namely as ethanol, lipoprotein, lipid, α-glucose and unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) in the 5.0% IG-incorporated diet compared to control. In conclusion, this study had successfully determined IG in improving aquaculture health through its potential use as an immune modulator. This work also demonstrated the effective use of metabolomics approach in the development of alternative nutritious diet from microalgae species to boost fish health in fulfilling the aquaculture's long-term goals. •Development of alternative nutritional diet from microalgae species to boost fish health.•5.0% IG-diet has improved the immune response of innate immunity of tilapia.•The OPLS analysis of IG-diet indicated fatty acids as significant biomarkers.