Three-Dimensional Volume Rendering: An Underutilized Tool in Neurosurgery

• Published in: World neurosurgery Vol. 130; pp. 485 - 492
• Main Authors: Jha, Deepak K, Khera, Puspinder, Bhaskar, Suryanarayanan, Garg, Mayank
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.10.2019
• Subjects: Brain - diagnostic imaging; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional - methods; Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods; Neurosurgical Procedures - methods; Skull - diagnostic imaging; Software; Tomography, X-Ray Computed - methods; Neurosurgery; Computed tomography; Magnetic resonance imaging; Three dimensional; Volume rendering
• ISSN: 1878-8750; 1878-8769
• DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.07.065

Two-dimensional radiologic images of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations are insufficient to provide three-dimensional conception of intracranial or spinal lesions, especially for an inexperienced neurosurgeon. We share our experience of applications of volume rendering (VR) images of CT and MRI studies of brain and spine for the purpose of training and surgical planning in neurosurgery. Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine viewer software was used on a personal computer/laptop to view CT and MRI examinations of various lesions of brain, spine, and spinal cord. Various user-friendly applications of the software enable users to edit the images acquired. Imaging technique (CT and MRI) incorporating continuous or overlapping slice with slice thickness of 1 mm with zero gap provides adequate three-dimensional image quality on personal computer/laptop acquired by VR. It was especially helpful for assessment of lesions of the skull base, intracranial vessels (aneurysm and arteriovenous malformation), craniovertebral junction and contrast-enhancing lesions of the brain. Displaying VR images in the operating room as per the patient's head position orients the surgeon to identify various structures in the surgical field. VR is underused in neurosurgery. It enables inexperienced neurosurgeons to understand morphologic details of a lesion and important osteoneurovascular structures around it. It is also helpful for training and preoperative planning in selected patients in neurosurgery.