A Comprehensive Study on Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Arid Urban Environments through Microclimatic Analysis of Urban Density

• Published in: Buildings (Basel) Vol. 14; no. 3; p. 700
• Main Authors: Bacha, Alaa Eddine, Ahriz, Atef, Alshenaifi, Mohammad, Alfraidi, Sultan, Noaime, Emad, Alsolami, Badr, Ghosh, Aritra, Bouzaher, Soumia, Doulos, Lambros T., Mesloub, Abdelhakim
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.03.2024
• Subjects: Air temperature; Architecture; Arid environments; arid lands; Aridity; Bioclimatology; Case studies; Cities; city of Biskra; Climate adaptation; Climate change; Density; Deserts; Geometry; Habitability; Hazard identification; Heat; Heatstroke; Humidity; In situ measurement; Microclimate; Morphology; Neighborhoods; outdoor thermal comfort; Radiation; Sensitivity analysis; Skyscrapers; Summer; Tall buildings; Temperature; Textile fabrics; Thermal comfort; urban built environment; urban density; Urban environments; Urban sprawl; Urbanization; Wind; Wind speed; Winter; Algeria
• ISSN: 2075-5309; 2075-5309
• DOI: 10.3390/buildings14030700

Rapid urbanization across hot arid environments transforms local microclimates, yet linkages between density, layout, and outdoor thermal comfort remain inadequately characterized. This study investigates these correlations in the desert city of Biskra, Algeria. We conducted extensive in-situ measurement campaigns during peak summer and winter periods across six neighborhoods spanning low to high-rise density fabrics. We captured air temperature, humidity, and wind velocity to enable thermal comfort assessment via the Effective Temperature (ET) and Equivalent Temperature (TEK) stress indices. Index sensitivity to density metrics from 23–86% was explored through One-Variable-At-A-Time (OVAT) analysis. Results show marked summer comfort deterioration with rising density due to constrained ventilation. However, higher densities demonstrate superior winter warmth through wind blocking despite reduced sunlight exposure. Sharp nonlinear differences emerge between seasons. Precision density thresholds prove difficult to define conclusively given typological diversities. However, indicative ranges tied to hazards are identified, providing guidelines for informed climatic adaptation. This research delivers vital evidence to advance bioclimatic strategies for enhancing habitability amidst urban expansion across delicate hot deserts.