Development and validation of a rapid multicompartment body composition model using 3-dimensional optical imaging and bioelectrical impedance analysis

• Published in: Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) Vol. 43; no. 2; pp. 346 - 356
• Main Authors: Bennett, Jonathan P, Cataldi, Devon, Liu, Yong En, Kelly, Nisa N, Quon, Brandon K, Schoeller, Dale A, Kelly, Thomas, Heymsfield, Steven B, Shepherd, John A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England 01.02.2024
• Subjects: Absorptiometry, Photon - methods; Adult; Aged; Body Composition; Bone Density; Electric Impedance; Female; Humans; Optical Imaging; Reproducibility of Results; Bioelectrical impedance analysis; 3-Dimensional optical; Multicompartment body composition; 3DO-5C; Body fat percent
• ISSN: 0261-5614; 1532-1983
• DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.12.009

The multicompartment approach to body composition modeling provides a more precise quantification of body compartments in healthy and clinical populations. We sought to develop and validate a simplified and accessible multicompartment body composition model using 3-dimensional optical (3DO) imaging and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Samples of adults and collegiate-aged student-athletes were recruited for model calibration. For the criterion multicompartment model (Wang-5C), participants received measures of scale weight, body volume (BV) via air displacement, total body water (TBW) via deuterium dilution, and bone mineral content (BMC) via dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. The candidate model (3DO-5C) used stepwise linear regression to derive surrogate measures of BV using 3DO, TBW using BIA, and BMC using demographics. Test-retest precision of the candidate model was assessed via root mean square error (RMSE). The 3DO-5C model was compared to criterion via mean difference, concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), and Bland-Altman analysis. This model was then validated using a separate dataset of 20 adults. 67 (31 female) participants were used to build the 3DO-5C model. Fat-free mass (FFM) estimates from Wang-5C (60.1 ± 13.4 kg) and 3DO-5C (60.3 ± 13.4 kg) showed no significant mean difference (-0.2 ± 2.0 kg; 95 % limits of agreement [LOA] -4.3 to +3.8) and the CCC was 0.99 with a similar effect in fat mass that reflected the difference in FFM measures. In the validation dataset, the 3DO-5C model showed no significant mean difference (0.0 ± 2.5 kg; 95 % LOA -3.6 to +3.7) for FFM with almost perfect equivalence (CCC = 0.99) compared to the criterion Wang-5C. Test-retest precision (RMSE = 0.73 kg FFM) supports the use of this model for more frequent testing in order to monitor body composition change over time. Body composition estimates provided by the 3DO-5C model are precise and accurate to criterion methods when correcting for field calibrations. The 3DO-5C approach offers a rapid, cost-effective, and accessible method of body composition assessment that can be used broadly to guide nutrition and exercise recommendations in athletic settings and clinical practice.