Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: An insight into an urgent oral health care and future challenges based on current evidence

• Published in: Journal of Oral Research and Review Vol. 14; no. 1; pp. 56 - 65
• Main Authors: Bhat, Sagar, Revankar, Ameet, Basavaraddi, Shrinivas
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd 01.01.2022; Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd; Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
• Subjects: China; coronavirus disease 2019; Coronavirus infections; Coronaviruses; dental doctors; Disease transmission; Epidemics; Health aspects; Infection; oral health; pandemic; respiratory droplets; saliva; China; saliva; oral health; dental doctors; Coronavirus disease 2019; pandemic; respiratory droplets
• ISSN: 2249-4987; 2394-2541
• DOI: 10.4103/jorr.jorr_52_20

A sequence of unexplained pneumonia cases was reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. After several analyses, in January 2020, the World Health Organization temporarily named this new virus as the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). It is found that 2019-nCoV is abundantly present in nasopharyngeal and salivary secretions of affected patients and it is found to be transmitted through the saliva and the feco-oral routes since its spread is through potential person-to-person transmission route which is predominantly thought to be respiratory droplet/contact in nature. Dental surgeons are at tremendous risk of 2019-nCoV infection due to the face-to-face communication and the exposure to aerosols, saliva, blood, and other body fluids and the handling of sharp instruments and also may encounter patients with suspected or confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and will have to act diligently not only to provide care but also at the same time prevent nosocomial spread of infection. The significance of this review is that oral health providers must be aware and be prepared to tackle any imminent infectious diseases like the present coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak, which can be life threatening to susceptible patients. This review provides a brief outline of the epidemiology, symptoms, mode of transmission, specific recommendations for dental practice that are suggested for patient screening, infection control strategies to block the person-to-person transmission routes in dental clinics and hospitals, and patient management protocol since there are certain chances of encountering oral emergencies such as acute pulpitis, periapical periodontitis, abscess, dental trauma, children's oral emergencies, and oro-maxillofacial infections during this period.