Electroanalysis of nicotine at an electroreduced carboxylated graphene modified glassy carbon electrode

• Published in: Analytical methods Vol. 7; no. 3; pp. 1147 - 1153
• Main Authors: Xiao, Hualing, Sun, Lingen, Yan, Hongling, Wang, Wen, Liu, Jiali, Yan, Qingping, Chao, Long, Chen, Chao, Xie, Qingji, Wen, Jianhui, Yin, Donghong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 01.01.2015
• Subjects: Carboxylated; Electrodes; Enrichment; Glassy carbon; Graphene; Mathematical analysis; Nicotine; Quantitative analysis
• ISSN: 1759-9660; 1759-9679
• DOI: 10.1039/C4AY01872A

A carboxylated graphene (CG) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was prepared by cast-coating a CG solution on a GCE surface, for quantitative analysis of nicotine based on cyclic voltammetry after potentiostatic enrichment of nicotine at −1.1 V for 240 s in 0.1 M KH 2 PO 4 –Na 2 HPO 4 buffer solution (pH 7.0). At this enrichment potential, partially electroreduced CG (ERCG) was obtained, as characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electrochemistry techniques. The oxidation peak current of nicotine at the ERCG/GCE after a semi-derivative treatment responded linearly to nicotine concentration from 2 to 5 μM and from 5 to 60 μM, with a limit of detection of 0.1 μM. The ERCG/GCE gave analytical performance superior to that at a bare GCE, and the semi-derivative treatment notably improved the signal resolution. The ERCG/GCE was used to determine nicotine in real tobacco samples, with recoveries over 95%.