Reconstruction of Fermi and eROSITA Bubbles from Magnetized Jet Eruption with Simulations

• Published in: Universe (Basel) Vol. 10; no. 7; p. 279
• Main Authors: Chang, Che-Jui, Kiang, Jean-Fu
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.07.2024
• Subjects: Astronomical research; Black holes (Astronomy); Bubbles; Cosmic rays; Electrons; Energy; eROSITA bubbles; Fermi bubbles; jet; Magnetic fields; Milky Way; Milky Way Galaxy; Morphology; Plasma; Radiation; relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) model; Simulation; supermassive black hole (SMBH); Velocity; X-rays; Taiwan
• ISSN: 2218-1997; 2218-1997
• DOI: 10.3390/universe10070279

The Fermi bubbles and the eROSITA bubbles around the Milky Way Galaxy are speculated to be the aftermaths of past jet eruptions from a supermassive black hole in the galactic center. In this work, a 2.5D axisymmetric relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) model is applied to simulate a jet eruption from our galactic center and to reconstruct the observed Fermi bubbles and eROSITA bubbles. High-energy non-thermal electrons are excited around forward shock and discontinuity transition regions in the simulated plasma distributions. The γ-ray and X-ray emissions from these electrons manifest patterns on the skymap that match the observed Fermi bubbles and eROSITA bubbles, respectively, in shape, size and radiation intensity. The influence of the background magnetic field, initial mass distribution in the Galaxy, and the jet parameters on the plasma distributions and hence these bubbles is analyzed. Subtle effects on the evolution of plasma distributions attributed to the adoption of a galactic disk model versus a spiral-arm model are also studied.