Spectroscopic evidence of fluorescence by 1,8‐diazafluoren‐9‐one aggregates—A prospective new ultrasensitive method for fingerprint trace detection

• Published in: Journal of forensic sciences Vol. 67; no. 4; pp. 1468 - 1475
• Main Authors: Lewkowicz, Aneta, Kantor, Małgorzata, Zalewski, Wojciech, Bojarski, Piotr, Mońka, Michał
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.07.2022
• Subjects: 1,8‐diazafluoren‐9‐one; absorption; Aggregates; aggregates in the excited state; Amino acids; Chemical compounds; DFO; Dyes; Emission spectra; Ethanol; Excitation spectra; Fingerprints; Fluorescence; friction ridge analysis; Latent fingerprints; Molecular spectroscopy; Spectral emittance; Spectrum analysis; 1,8-diazafluoren-9-one; absorption; fluorescence; friction ridge analysis; aggregates in the excited state; DFO; fingerprints
• ISSN: 0022-1198; 1556-4029
• DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15039

Friction ridge analysis would not have been one of the most recognized branches of forensics without molecular spectroscopy. The phenomenon of fluorescence is used on daily basis to develop latent fingerprints and to enhance those that are visible. The idea behind the research was to discover selected spectroscopic properties of 1,8‐diazafluoren‐9‐one (DFO) in various environments. This fluorescent compound has been routinely used for decades to develop latent fingerprints due to its numerous advantages, but to this day, it has not been well‐understood. Analysis of absorption, fluorescence, and excitation spectra of DFO in ethanol at high dye concentration allowed identification of aggregates in the excited state. A significant influence of the dye concentration on the fluorescence spectra and on the fluorescence excitation spectra was found. In particular, dye‐host aggregation was found to be much stronger in a polar solvent. DFO aggregates are strongly fluorescent in ethanol, as can be seen from the steady‐state emission spectra. The impact of excitation wavelength on the effect of fingerprint detection is presented. A new reaction medium has been proposed, ethanol, which is nontoxic in relation to the currently used one, methanol. The existence in this medium of DFO aggregates in the excited state, which significantly influences the identification of amino acids present in fingerprint traces, was observed, emitting in a wide spectral range (green light).