High school policies about sexual harassment: What's on the books and what students think

• Published in: Journal of social issues Vol. 79; no. 4; pp. 1411 - 1430
• Main Authors: Brown, Christia Spears, Biefeld, Sharla D., Bulin, Jenna
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.12.2023
• Subjects: Adults; Amendments; College athletics; Equality; Public schools; School districts; Secondary school students; Secondary schools; Sexual harassment; Students
• ISSN: 0022-4537; 1540-4560
• DOI: 10.1111/josi.12505

Sexual harassment (SH) in schools is unwanted and unwelcome behavior of a sexual nature that, when severe, offensive, and pervasive, creates a hostile environment that is prohibited under Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. In the current mixed methods study, using analyses of school policies and reports, and student survey and qualitative data, we examined (a) whether public high schools’ policies about SH were in compliance with Title IX guidance, (b) whether SH policies were related to alumni's knowledge and attitudes about their schools’ SH policies, and (c) whether SH policies were related to alumni's experiences with and reporting of SH. Results indicated that, of the 172 school districts within one state, only one‐fourth of the school districts had SH policies in which SH was clearly defined and in which there were noted consequences for perpetrating SH. Despite students experiencing SH, very few students ever reported SH to an adult at school. However, of the small number of students who reported SH to an adult at school, 87.5% went to a school with an explicit SH policy. Many students stated that they did not report SH because they did not trust adults to handle it fairly or effectively.