Synthesis and performance evaluation of multi-crosslinked preformed particle gels with ultra-high strength and high-temperature and high-salinity resistance for conformance control

• Published in: Fuel (Guildford) Vol. 357; p. 130027
• Main Authors: Deng, Jianan, Lian, Haoyu, Zhuang, Yuan, Zhao, Honghao, Wang, Zhanyi, Tian, Yongjun, Lin, Chao, Yuan, Haozhong, Han, Miao, Lu, Guiwu, Zhang, Xiao
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Ltd 01.02.2024
• Subjects: Conformance control; Multi-crosslinked; Preformed particle gels; Thermal and salinity stability; Ultra-high strength; Vinyl silica nanoparticles; Vinyl silica nanoparticles; Thermal and salinity stability; Ultra-high strength; Preformed particle gels; Multi-crosslinked; Conformance control
• ISSN: 0016-2361; 1873-7153
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2023.130027

[Display omitted] •Vinyl silica nanoparticles are synthesized and firstly applied to crosslink and enhance preformed particle gels.•State-of-the-art multiple crosslinked preformed particle gels (MC-PPGs) were developed.•MC-PPGs exhibit superior strength with a storage modulus up to 110,000 Pa.•MC-PPGs display exceptional resistance to temperature and salinity as well as broad pH adaptability.•MC-PPGs show ultra-high plugging strength (>14 MPa/m) for open fractures/void space conduit. Preformed particle gels (PPGs) have been identified as an effective method to control conformance and mitigate excessive water production. However, the weak strength of swollen PPGs makes them susceptible to shear failure during formation migration in harsh reservoir conditions. To address this issue, a novel type of multi-crosslinked preformed particle gels (MC-PPGs) with ultra-high strength, exceptional temperature and salinity resistance has been developed. Vinyl silica nanoparticles (VSNPs) were first prepared and used as nano crosslinking agents and enhancing agents in constructing multiple cross-linking structures with macromolecules, functional monomers, and crosslinking agents. MC-PPGs have an elastic modulus up to 110,000 Pa, which is significantly higher than other existing PPGs. Additionally, when exposed to high-salinity environments (e.g., 20 % NaCl and 10 % CaCl2 + 10 % MgCl2), MC-PPGs remain for an extended period at elevated temperatures (80 °C for 24 months, 120 °C for 13 months, and over one month at 160 °C). Furthermore, the degradation products of MC-PPGs have minimal impact to reservoir permeability, with a core damage rate below 5 %. MC-PPGs are pH-adaptable (1 < pH < 12), which makes them a promising candidate for reservoirs with supercritical CO2 flooding. Laboratory coreflooding tests have demonstrated that MC-PPGs provide excellent plugging efficiency (>99.9 %) for fractured cores and ultra-high breakthrough pressure gradients (>14 MPa/m) at varying test temperatures (20 °C, 80 °C, and 120 °C). Considering these unique features, MC-PPGs are ideally suited for oilfield applications.