Genetic Association of Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Gene Polymorphism (rs4986790) With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC): A Pilot Case-Control Study

• Published in: Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) Vol. 16; no. 3; p. e56021
• Main Authors: Gautam, Britina, Pandi, Anitha, Girija, A. S. Smiline, Arumugam, Paramasivam, Priyadharsini, Vijayashree J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Springer Nature B.V 12.03.2024; Cureus
• Subjects: Dentistry; Females; Gene expression; Genetics; Genotype & phenotype; Oral cancer; Pilot projects; Polymorphism; Proteins; Squamous cell carcinoma; Statistical analysis; Tumors; United States > US; India; genetic association; health; polymorphism; toll-like receptor; genetics; carcinoma
• ISSN: 2168-8184; 2168-8184
• DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56021

Introduction Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a highly prevalent and most common form of oral malignancy in the Indian population. Toll-like receptors belong to an important family of receptors that are involved in the process of pathogen recognition and mounting immune response. The expression of this receptor is dysregulated on the tumor cells as reported across several cancer types. The genetic variants in this gene could have a profound impact on the expression of the Toll-like receptor 4 ( gene.  Objective This study aimed to understand the association of  gene polymorphism with OSCC. The objective of this study was to compare the allele and genotype frequencies between the two groups, viz., OSCC and normal healthy subjects, recruited in the study. Materials and methods The blood samples were collected from normal healthy subjects (N = 25) and OSCC patients (N = 25). Genomic DNA was isolated from all samples, and genotyping was performed for the gene polymorphism employing the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) approach. The frequency distribution of genotypes and alleles across the study groups was determined by the Chi-square test.  Results The allele frequency for gene polymorphism in the case group was found to be 60% (A allele) and 40% (G allele), respectively. The study population in both groups were found to agree with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). The genotype frequency did not differ significantly among the two study groups which was evident from the p-value = 0.8285.  Conclusion The present study did not report any significant association of the polymorphic marker with OSCC. Further investigations into the association of other polymorphic markers in the gene, among the larger population of OSCC patients, could provide evidence of their association with OSCC.