Moyamoya Syndrome Secondary to Coinfection of Meningovascular Neurosyphilis and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

• Published in: Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) Vol. 16; no. 5; p. e60579
• Main Authors: Uygun, Gursan G, Darici, Didem, Cil, Melis G, Bastug, Zeynep, Misirli, Cemile H
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Cureus Inc 19.05.2024; Cureus
• Subjects: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; AIDS; Blood pressure; Carotid arteries; Case reports; Cerebrospinal fluid; Convulsions & seizures; Glucose; Hematoma; Hemorrhage; HIV/AIDS; Hypertension; Immune system; Infectious Disease; Ischemia; Lymphatic system; Magnetic resonance imaging; Medical imaging; Meningitis; Morphology; Neurology; Pathogens; Patients; Streptococcus infections; Stroke; Tomography; Veins & arteries; human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection; neurosyphilis; moyamoya angiopathy; young onset stroke; moyamoya etiology
• ISSN: 2168-8184; 2168-8184
• DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60579

Moyamoya angiopathy is a rare cerebrovascular condition characterized by insufficient cerebral blood flow resulting from arterial vessel narrowing or occlusion, potentially leading to cerebral ischemia due to inadequate oxygen and nutrient supply to the brain tissue. The development of collateral vessels in stenotic regions, inherently fragile and prone to rupture, may further precipitate intracerebral hemorrhage. Alongside focal neurological symptoms, the common clinical presentations of Moyamoya angiopathy encompass headaches, dizziness, cognitive impairments, seizures, and involuntary movements. When associated with an underlying systemic illness, including Down Syndrome, cranial radiation, neurofibromatosis type 1, or meningitis, the condition is termed Moyamoya syndrome; whereas when idiopathic and a genetic mutation are identified, it is referred to as Moyamoya disease. In this report, we present a case of the rare Moyamoya syndrome, which was attributed to syphilis and HIV infection and was identified during an investigation into the etiology of ischemic stroke in a young patient.