Environmental risks of chemicals and genetically modified organisms: a comparison. Part I: Classification and characterisation of risks posed by chemicals and GMOs

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 8; no. 2; pp. 120 - 126
• Main Author: Steinhauser, Klaus Gunter
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany Springer Nature B.V 01.01.2001
• Subjects: Antibiotics; Environmental Pollutants - adverse effects; Environmental Pollution - adverse effects; Environmental Pollution - legislation & jurisprudence; Environmental risk; Genetically altered foods; Genetically modified organisms; Humans; Plants, Genetically Modified - adverse effects; Risk Assessment - legislation & jurisprudence; Risk Assessment - methods; Risk Management - methods
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/BF02987305

Risks can be characterised by several parameters. A risk is commonly defined to be the product of the extent of damage and the probability of its occurrence. But there are several other characteristics to be taken into account: degree of certainty in determining extent and probability, persistency, ubiquity, irreversibility, delay effect and mobilisation potential. As potential risks of genetically modified plants (GMPs), resistance to antibiotics, impact on non-target organisms, spread of genes and GMOs, and secondary consequences, e.g. on cultivation practice, are discussed in detail. Risks of GMPs are, in general, characterised by high uncertainty of the magnitude and probability of damage, a high mobilisation potential and a delay effect.