Transient Diabetes Insipidus After Vasopressin Discontinuation

• Published in: Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) Vol. 16; no. 5; p. e61253
• Main Authors: Chai, Audrey L, Rakočević, Rastko, El-Baba, Firas M, Killu, Keith
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Cureus Inc 28.05.2024; Cureus
• Subjects: Case reports; Creatinine; Diabetes; Endocrinology/Diabetes/Metabolism; Hospitals; Hypernatremia; Hypotension; Hypothalamus; Internal Medicine; Nephrology; Ostomy; Otolaryngology; Patients; Pituitary gland; Pneumonia; Polyuria; Sepsis; Sodium; Thyroid gland; Tracheotomy; Traumatic brain injury; Urine; polyuria; intensive care; diabetes insipidus; hypernatremia; shock; vasopressin; vasopressor
• ISSN: 2168-8184; 2168-8184
• DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61253

Vasopressin infusion is commonly used in intensive care settings during states of advanced vasodilatory shock for its vasoconstrictive properties. Vasopressin also acts on renal tubular cell receptors in the collecting ducts of kidneys to allow for water reabsorption. The sudden discontinuation of vasopressin infusion can lead to the development of transient diabetes insipidus (DI) with classic findings of polyuria, dilute urine, and hypernatremia. We report the case of a 59-year-old male who underwent an emergent bedside cricothyrotomy procedure secondary to papillary carcinoma of the thyroid and subsequently developed septic shock requiring initiation of vasopressin infusion for hemodynamic support. He remained on vasopressin for five days before the infusion was discontinued after clinical improvement. Within 12 hours of vasopressin discontinuation, the patient developed polyuria (> 3 L/day urine output) with volumes as high as 1 L per hour. His serum sodium levels increased more than 10 mmol/L from 137 to 149 mmol/L. This case is unique from prior reports, as our patient was without any neurological or neurosurgical comorbidities that would predispose him to an organic central cause of DI. Furthermore, the patient's large-volume diuresis and serum abnormalities spontaneously self-improved within 24 hours without significant medical intervention. In conclusion, this case adds to a growing number of reports of transient DI following vasopressin withdrawal, demonstrating the need to formally recognize this occurrence as a potential consequence of vasopressin use in intensive care settings.