Enhancing electrochemical detection through machine learning-driven prediction for canine mammary tumor biomarker with green silver nanoparticles

• Published in: Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry Vol. 416; no. 23; pp. 5071 - 5088
• Main Authors: Enginler, Sinem Özlem, Küçükdeniz, Tarık, Dal, Gamze Evkuran, Yıldırım, Funda, Cilasun, Gökçe Erdemir, Alkan, Fulya Üstün, Gürgen, Hazal Öztürk, Taşaltın, Nevin, Sabuncu, Ahmet, Yılmaz, Merve, Karakuş, Selcan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.09.2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Accuracy; Algorithms; Analytical Chemistry; Animals; Artificial neural networks; Biochemistry; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor - analysis; Biomarkers, Tumor - blood; Biosensing Techniques - methods; Biosensors; Breast cancer; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Diagnostic systems; Dog Diseases - blood; Dog Diseases - diagnosis; Dogs; Electrochemical analysis; Electrochemical Techniques - methods; Electrochemistry; Female; Food Science; Laboratory Medicine; Learning algorithms; Limit of Detection; Machine Learning; Mammary gland; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal - blood; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal - diagnosis; Medical research; Metal Nanoparticles - chemistry; Monitoring/Environmental Analysis; Mucin-1 - analysis; Mucin-1 - blood; Nanomaterials; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Neural networks; Research Paper; Silver; Silver - chemistry; Tumors; MUC 1; Data science; Electrochemistry; CA 15–3; Biosensor
• ISSN: 1618-2642; 1618-2650; 1618-2650
• DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05444-0

This study developed an innovative biosensor strategy for the sensitive and selective detection of canine mammary tumor biomarkers, cancer antigen 15–3 (CA 15–3) and mucin 1 (MUC-1), integrating green silver nanoparticles (GAgNPs) with machine learning (ML) algorithms to achieve high diagnostic accuracy and potential for noninvasive early detection. The GAgNPs-enhanced electrochemical biosensor demonstrated selective detection of CA 15–3 in serum and MUC-1 in tissue homogenates, with limits of detection (LODs) of 0.07 and 0.11 U mL −1 , respectively. The nanoscale dimensions of the GAgNPs endowed them with electrochemically active surface areas, facilitating sensitive biomarker detection. Experimental studies targeted CA 15–3 and MUC-1 biomarkers in clinical samples, and the biosensor exhibited ease of use and good selectivity. Furthermore, ML algorithms were employed to analyze the electrochemical data and predict biomarker concentrations, enhancing the diagnostic accuracy. The Random Forest algorithm achieved 98% accuracy in tumor presence prediction, while an Artificial Neural Network attained 76% accuracy in CA 15–3-based tumor grade classification. The integration of ML techniques with the GAgNPs-based biosensor offers a promising approach for noninvasive, accurate, and early detection of canine mammary tumors, potentially revolutionizing veterinary diagnostics. This multilayered strategy, combining eco-friendly nanomaterials, electrochemical sensing, and ML algorithms, holds significant potential for advancing both biomedical research and clinical practice in the field of canine mammary tumor diagnostics. Graphical Abstract