Disparities in multimorbidity and comorbidities in rheumatoid arthritis by sex across the lifespan

• Published in: Rheumatology (Oxford, England) Vol. 63; no. 6; pp. 1639 - 1648
• Main Authors: Stevens, Maria A, Dykhoff, Hayley J, Kronzer, Vanessa L, Myasoedova, Elena, Davis, John M, Duarte-García, Alí, Crowson, Cynthia S
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Oxford University Press 03.05.2024; Oxford Publishing Limited (England)
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Arthritis, Rheumatoid - epidemiology; Comorbidity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Gender; Humans; Life span; Male; Middle Aged; Multimorbidity; Rheumatoid arthritis; Sex Factors; United States - epidemiology; Women; Young Adult; United States; disparities; multimorbidity; comorbidity; sex; RA
• ISSN: 1462-0324; 1462-0332; 1462-0332
• DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead454

Abstract Objectives Multimorbidity is burdensome for people with RA. We investigated differences in multimorbidity and comorbidities by sex and age in the RA population. Methods This cross-sectional analysis used national administrative claims (OptumLabs® Data Warehouse) from people with RA and non-RA comparators (matched on age, sex, race, census region, index year and length of baseline insurance coverage) from 2010–2019. RA was determined using a validated algorithm. Multimorbidity was defined as ≥2 (MM2+) or ≥5 (MM5+) comorbidities from a validated set of 44 chronic conditions. We used logistic regression to assess associations between characteristics and multimorbidity. Results The sample included 154 391 RA patients and 154 391 non-RA comparators. For people aged 18–50 years, RA women (vs RA men) had 7.5 and 4.4 (vs 3.2 and 0.9 in non-RA women vs non-RA men) percentage point increases for MM2+ and MM5+, respectively. For people aged 51+ years, RA women (vs RA men) had 2.1 and 2.5 (vs 1.2 and 0.3 in non-RA women vs non-RA men) percentage point increases for MM2+ and MM5+, respectively. Interactions revealed that differences in multimorbidity between women and men were exacerbated by RA (vs non-RA) (P < 0.05), with more pronounced effects in people aged 18–50. Men had more cardiovascular-related conditions, whereas RA women had more psychological, neurological and general musculoskeletal conditions. Other comorbidities varied by sex and age. Conclusion Multimorbidity disproportionately impacts women with RA. Research, clinical and policy agendas for rheumatic diseases should acknowledge and support the variation in care needs by sex and gender across the lifespan.