Acute Pancreatitis Induced by COVID-19 Vaccine: A Systematic Review

• Published in: Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) Vol. 16; no. 3; p. e55426
• Main Authors: Hussain, Akbar, Augustine, Sana W, Pyakurel, Sandhya, Vempalli, Hemika, Dabbara, Rishika, O'dare, Rachel A, Ayush, Varghese, Jeffrin John, Inban, Pugazhendi, Jayan, Malavika, Osigwe, Elsie Chizaram, Sunkara, Sindhu Meghana, Khan, Aadil
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Cureus Inc 03.03.2024; Cureus
• Subjects: Abdomen; Alcohol; Alcohol abuse; Bile ducts; COVID-19 vaccines; Endoscopy; Enzymes; Gallstones; Gastroenterology; Guillain-Barre syndrome; Hypercalcemia; Infectious Disease; Inflammation; Internal Medicine; Nausea; Pain; Pancreas; Pancreatitis; Pathophysiology; Viruses; pancreatic acinar cells; covid-19; mumps and rubella (mmr) vaccine; vaccine-induced pancreatitis; measles; acute pancreatitis
• ISSN: 2168-8184; 2168-8184
• DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55426

Acute pancreatitis, marked by sudden inflammation of the pancreas, presents a complex spectrum of causative factors including gallstone obstruction, alcohol abuse, and viral infections. Recent studies have illuminated the emergence of vaccine-induced acute pancreatitis, notably associated with COVID-19 vaccinations, presenting diverse mechanisms ranging from direct viral-mediated injury to autoimmune reactions. Understanding this link is pivotal for public health, yet challenges persist in identifying and managing cases post-vaccination. Comprehensive literature reviews employing the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement outline the potential pathways and mechanisms leading to vaccine-induced pancreatitis, emphasizing the need for deeper investigations into underlying health conditions and modifications to vaccine components. Notably, the rare occurrences of vaccine-induced pancreatitis extend beyond COVID-19 vaccines, with reports also documenting associations with measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), human papillomavirus (HPV), and other viral vaccinations. Mechanistically, hypotheses such as molecular mimicry and immunologic injury have been proposed, necessitating ongoing vigilance and exploration. Regulatory agencies play a crucial role in monitoring and communicating vaccine safety concerns, emphasizing transparency to address potential risks and maintain public trust. Understanding and communicating these rare adverse events with transparency remain integral for informed vaccination policies and to allay concerns surrounding vaccine safety.