Cell Division, Life, and Cancer: Novel Fundamental Insights

• Published in: Critical reviews in eukaryotic gene expression Vol. 35; no. 5; p. 33
• Main Author: May, Michael
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 2025
• Subjects: Animals; Cell Division - genetics; Chorionic Gonadotropin - genetics; Chorionic Gonadotropin - metabolism; Humans; Neoplasms - genetics; Neoplasms - metabolism; Neoplasms - pathology
• ISSN: 1045-4403
• DOI: 10.1615/CritRevEukaryotGeneExpr.2025059382

Cell division, the fundamental mechanism of reproduction, is the basis of life. In highly evolved organisms, particularly in humans exposed to abnormal chronical endogen and exogen stress-factors, uncontrolled cell division can occur. Consideration of the space-wise uncontrolled cell division and an increased level of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) as the decisive initial abnormalities of cancer has induced this study. A correlation between these two abnormalities could not be excluded. Cell division, namely cell division of eukaryotic cells, is subject of numerous publications. Interestingly, the decisive agonist that activates and governs this most important and most complex biological process is unknown. So, it is also unknown whether hCG in its organism specific form is only one among a multitude of known promotors, or if it is possibly even the decisive agonist of controlled and uncontrolled cell division. A higher-than-normal hCG level might overrule healthy cells' growth control. Identification of the decisive agonist of controlled and uncontrolled cell division appeared of fundamental importance and became the main object of this paper. To evaluate the potential of hCG as the decisive agonist of cell division, hCG's first and most important accomplishments for the genesis of a human life were analyzed. Combinations and deductions of interconnected facts expose a higher-than-normal hCG level via the nuclear super receptor family as the decisive agonist of the first cell division of the first human cell, the zygote, and by consanguinity for the cell divisions of its daughter cells, including cancer cells.