Demographics and Prevalence of Risk Factors in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease Presenting to a Tertiary Care Center in Northern India

• Published in: Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) Vol. 14; no. 12; p. e32397
• Main Authors: Sharma, Sawan, Vaddavalli, Venkata Vineeth, Savlania, Ajay, Ravi, Ashwitha, Kaman, Lileswar, Behera, Arunanshu
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Cureus Inc 11.12.2022; Cureus
• Subjects: Age; Alcohol; Blood pressure; Cardiac/Thoracic/Vascular Surgery; Cardiovascular disease; Comorbidity; Coronary vessels; Demographics; Diabetes; Education; General Surgery; Hemoglobin; High density lipoprotein; Hypertension; Insulin; Laboratories; Lipoproteins; Males; Metabolic disorders; Population; Proteins; Public officials; Risk factors; Smoking; Socioeconomic factors; Vein & artery diseases; Women; India; prevalence; peripheral arterial diseases; risk factors; chronic disease epidemiology; cardiac risk factors and prevention
• ISSN: 2168-8184; 2168-8184
• DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32397

Introduction Globally around 236.62 million people over 25 had the peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) in 2015, out of which 72.91 were in lower and middle-income countries. It will be a significant health problem in our country as the Indian population is aging. Our study aims to determine the demographics and prevalence risk factors in patients presenting with PAOD. Methods This prospective observational study was conducted from January 2020 to April 2021 at a tertiary care center in Northern India. A total of 275 patients with PAOD were enrolled in the study. The demographics and the prevalence of the risk factors were studied. Results Males (85.8%) were predominantly affected compared to females (14.2%). About 80.4% were smokers, of which 84.16% predominantly smoked Bidi. Around 39.3% had diabetes mellitus, 43.3% were hypertensive, and dyslipidemia was present in 17.1%. History of coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular accident was present in 22.3% and 12%, respectively. Farming was the occupation for 29.1% and 32.4% had not received formal schooling. The mean annual income was Rupees 1,56,025 (rupees 13,000 per month). Overall, the socioeconomic status was low. Conclusion The demographics and the prevalence of risk factors in patients with PAOD in Northern India differ from those in South India and the Western populations. Most of the patients were elderly males belonging to low socioeconomic status. There is a need for a central registry for vascular diseases in India to monitor the trends of the annual incidence of PAOD and to look for the prevalence of risk factors.