Characterization of the Circadian System in a Brazilian Species of Monkey (Callithrix jacchus): Immunohistochemical Analysis and Retinal Projections

• Published in: Biological rhythm research Vol. 29; no. 5; pp. 510 - 520
• Main Authors: Costa, M.S.M.O., Moreira, L.F., Alones, V., Lu, J., Santee, U.R., Cavalcante, J.S., Moraes, P.R.A., Britto, L.R.G., Menaker, M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Taylor & Francis Group 01.12.1998
• ISSN: 0929-1016; 1744-4179
• DOI: 10.1076/brhm.29.5.510.4829

The hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and the thalamic pregeniculate nucleus (PGN), which appears to include the intergeniculate leaflet (IGL), comprise circadian related centers in the primate brain. In this study, these centers were analysed in respect to their cytoarchitecture, retinal afferents and chemical of major cells and axon terminals with tract tracers and immunohistochemical techniques to define cytoarchitecture and connections, in the common marmoset. The SCN was shown to be a triangularly shaped cluster of compact cells just dorsal to the optic chiasm and lateral to the third ventricle. It is innervated in its ventral portion by terminals from the retina, and NPY-ergic fibers. Serotonergic and SP-staining processes are distributed throughout. VIP-neurons form a dorsolateral group of cells and CB-immunoreactive neurons fill much of the nucleus. The PGN was shown to be a wedge-shaped cluster of cells located dorsomedially to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. It appears to comprise a ventral portion which receives a bilateral retinal projection and contains NPY-neurons, suggesting that this portion may correspond to IGL. The PGN also contains CB-neurons, PV-neurons and fibers, and SP- and 5-HT-fibers. These results in marmoset show that, beside a common plan revealed for most mammals, there are significant interspecific variations in the circadian timing system. Future studies are needed in order to elucidate the circadian organization in this primate species.