Comparison of clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 or non-COVID-19 community-acquired pneumonia in a prospective observational cohort study

• Published in: Infection
• Main Authors: Meyer, Hans-Jakob, Mödl, Lukas, Unruh, Olesya, Xiang, Weiwei, Berger, Sarah, Müller-Plathe, Moritz, Rohde, Gernot, Pletz, Mathias W, Rupp, Jan, Suttorp, Norbert, Witzenrath, Martin, Zoller, Thomas, Mittermaier, Mirja, Steinbeis, Fridolin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany 18.05.2024
• Subjects: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Observational cohort study; Community-acquired pneumonia
• ISSN: 0300-8126; 1439-0973
• DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02292-z

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and non-COVID-19 community-acquired pneumonia (NC-CAP) often result in hospitalization with considerable risks of mortality, ICU treatment, and long-term morbidity. A comparative analysis of clinical outcomes in COVID-19 CAP (C-CAP) and NC-CAP may improve clinical management. Using prospectively collected CAPNETZ study data (January 2017 to June 2021, 35 study centers), we conducted a comprehensive analysis of clinical outcomes including in-hospital death, ICU treatment, length of hospital stay (LOHS), 180-day survival, and post-discharge re-hospitalization rate. Logistic regression models were used to examine group differences between C-CAP and NC-CAP patients and associations with patient demography, recruitment period, comorbidity, and treatment. Among 1368 patients (C-CAP: n = 344; NC-CAP: n = 1024), C-CAP showed elevated adjusted probabilities for in-hospital death (aOR 4.48 [95% CI 2.38-8.53]) and ICU treatment (aOR 8.08 [95% CI 5.31-12.52]) compared to NC-CAP. C-CAP patients were at increased risk of LOHS over seven days (aOR 1.88 [95% CI 1.47-2.42]). Although ICU patients had similar in-hospital mortality risk, C-CAP was associated with length of ICU stay over seven days (aOR 3.59 [95% CI 1.65-8.38]). Recruitment period influenced outcomes in C-CAP but not in NC-CAP. During follow-up, C-CAP was linked to a reduced risk of re-hospitalization and mortality post-discharge (aOR 0.43 [95% CI 0.27-0.70]). Distinct clinical trajectories of C-CAP and NC-CAP underscore the need for adapted management to avoid acute and long-term morbidity and mortality amid the evolving landscape of CAP pathogens.