Multiple Pickering emulsions stabilized by hydrophobic-hydrophilic cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunch: application in encapsulation of vitamin B9

• Published in: Polymer bulletin (Berlin, Germany) Vol. 81; no. 8; pp. 7013 - 7033
• Main Authors: Olusanya, Samuel O., Ajayi, Sunday M., Olumayede, Emmanuel G., Lawal, Olayide S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.06.2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Caustic soda; Cellulose; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Complex Fluids and Microfluidics; Constituents; Electron microscopes; Emulsions; Encapsulation; Ethanol; Fourier transforms; High performance liquid chromatography; Hydrophilicity; Hydrophobicity; Infrared analysis; Infrared spectroscopy; Organic Chemistry; Original Paper; Pharmaceuticals; Physical Chemistry; Polymer Sciences; Proteins; Sodium; Soft and Granular Matter; Spectrum analysis; Thermogravimetric analysis; X-rays; Encapsulation; Modification; Oil palm empty fruit bunch; Pickering emulsions; Cellulose
• ISSN: 0170-0839; 1436-2449
• DOI: 10.1007/s00289-023-05043-6

In this study, multiple emulsions stabilized by hydrophobic-hydrophilic cellulose particles from oil palm empty fruit bunch were studied. The responsiveness of the emulsions to pH and the influenced on the release of encapsulated vitamin B 9 was studied using high performance liquid chromatography. The cellulose was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermogravimetric and X-ray diffraction. The result showed that crystallinity of native cellulose and modified cellulose were 66.12% and 61.38%, respectively. The emulsions stabilized by hydrophobic-hydrophilic cellulose particles showed unique responsiveness at pH 2, 4 and 7. The droplet size of the emulsion and the release of active constituent (vitamin B 9 ) depends on the pH. The encapsulation efficiency of w/o/w multiple emulsions at pH 4 and 7 was 78.41% and 65.95%, respectively. The result showed that the release of active constituent from w/o/w multiple emulsions can be controlled based on the responsiveness to pH, to develop fascinating new applications for some specific foods, pharmaceuticals, and drug release.