Development and evaluation of bioactive 3D zein and zein/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering application

• Published in: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of engineering in medicine p. 9544119221090726
• Main Authors: Zaersabet, Mona, Salehi, Zivar, Hadavi, Mahvash, Talesh Sasani, Soheila, Rastgoo Noestali, Fataneh
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England 01.06.2022
• Subjects: zein; hydroxyapatite; Bone tissue engineering; scaffold; osteogenic differentiation
• ISSN: 2041-3033
• DOI: 10.1177/09544119221090726

The aim of this study is to generate and investigate biodegradable and biocompatible zein and zein/nano-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for bone defect healing. 3D zein scaffold was successfully fabricated using the salt-leaching method and incorporated with 12.5 wt% nHA for differentiation of murine myoblast cell line (C2C12 cells). The scaffolds were subjected to physicochemical and biomechanical characterizations using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), biodegradation, porosity, mechanical tests. C2C12 cells were cultured on scaffolds and incubated for 21 days. Cell proliferation was detected by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to test the expression of osteoblastic-related genes including , and . The scaffolds had an adequate mean pore size and a total porosity of 61.1%-70.6%. The addition of 12.5 wt% nHA to the zein scaffold increased the compressive modulus to 79.1 MPa and the ultimate strength to 2.7 MPa. The qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that mRNA transcript levels were significantly higher (  < 0.05) on the zein/nHA than on the pure zein scaffold. The results suggested that the developed scaffolds could be a potential candidate for bone tissue engineering due to their promising osteoinductivity, surface topography, mechanical behavior, biodegradability.