Adaptation Implications of Climate-Smart Agriculture in Rural Pakistan

In this paper, we analyze the drivers of the adoption of climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices and the impact of their adoption on farm net returns and exposure to risks. We use recent farm-level data from three agroecological zones of Pakistan to estimate a multinomial endogenous switching reg...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inSustainability Vol. 13; no. 21; p. 11702
Main Authors Shahzad, Muhammad Faisal, Abdulai, Awudu, Issahaku, Gazali
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.11.2021
Subjects
Adaptation
Agricultural management
Agricultural practices
Agricultural production
Agriculture
Calendars
Climate change
Climate-smart agriculture
Community supported agriculture
Digital agriculture
Diversification
Emissions
Environmental policy
Farmers
Food security
Food supply
Greenhouse gases
Households
Precipitation
Productivity
Rain
Rainfall
Risk exposure
Rural areas
Rural development
Social research
Soil conservation
Soil water
Sustainability
Water conservation
Water shortages
Pakistan
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

More Information
Summary:In this paper, we analyze the drivers of the adoption of climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices and the impact of their adoption on farm net returns and exposure to risks. We use recent farm-level data from three agroecological zones of Pakistan to estimate a multinomial endogenous switching regression for different CSA practices used to reduce the adverse impact of climate change. These strategies include changing input mix, changing cropping calendar, diversifying seed variety, and soil and water conservation measures. The empirical results show that the adoption of different CSA practices is influenced by average rainfall, previous experience of climate-related shocks, and access to climate change information. The findings further reveal that adoption of CSA practices positively and significantly improves farm net returns and reduces farmers’ exposure to downside risks and crop failure. The results also reveal significant differences in the impacts of CSA practice adoption on farm net returns in different agroecological zones. Thus, policies aimed at achieving sustainability in agricultural production should consider agroecological, specific, climate-smart solutions.
ISSN:2071-1050
2071-1050
DOI:10.3390/su132111702