Entrepreneurial Income and Wellbeing: Women’s Informal Entrepreneurship in a Developing Context

This study examines the impact of women’s entrepreneurial income on wellbeing. Women entrepreneurs (N = 504) from district Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan participated in the study. ANOVAs and multiple regressions were used to analyze the impact of predictors on the dependent variables (i.e., p...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inSustainability Vol. 13; no. 18; p. 10262
Main Authors Muhammad, Said, Kong, Ximei, Saqib, Shahab E., Beutell, Nicholas J.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.09.2021
Subjects
Dependent variables
Economic activity
Economic growth
Employment
Entrepreneurs
Entrepreneurship
Expenditures
Families & family life
GDP
Gender equity
Gross Domestic Product
Home based businesses
Households
Human Development Index
Impact analysis
Inequality
Informal economy
Roles
Socioeconomic factors
Sustainability
Sustainable development
Women
Pakistan
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Summary:This study examines the impact of women’s entrepreneurial income on wellbeing. Women entrepreneurs (N = 504) from district Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan participated in the study. ANOVAs and multiple regressions were used to analyze the impact of predictors on the dependent variables (i.e., per capita income, education, health, entertainment, social, household, and other miscellaneous expenditures, investment, savings, and charity). The findings indicated that women’s informal entrepreneurship has a significant role in family, economic, and societal wellbeing. The results contribute to the understanding of women’s entrepreneurial income on individual and family wellbeing. Women’s informal entrepreneurship plays an important role, particularly in the developing world, consistent with the multiplier effect of women entrepreneurs’’ wellbeing. Measures were suggested to empower such women informal, home-based entrepreneurs in view of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals.
ISSN:2071-1050
2071-1050
DOI:10.3390/su131810262