Dense infraspecific sampling reveals cryptic differentiation in the enigmatic hemiparasitic love vine Cassytha filiformis (Lauraceae)

• Published in: Journal of systematics and evolution : JSE Vol. 62; no. 6; pp. 1238 - 1254
• Main Authors: Liu, Zhi‐Fang, Zhang, Shi‐Fang, Twyford, Alex D., Ci, Xiu‐Qin, Li, Lang, Zhang, Xiao‐Yan, Hu, Jian‐Lin, Tan, Jia‐Chuan, Tang, Guang‐Da, Qin, Sheng‐Yuan, Hu, Ling, Ding, Xin, Meng, Hong‐Hu, Dong, Li‐Na, Huang, Ting, Ma, Hui, Xiao, Jian‐Hua, Cai, Chao‐Nan, Conran, John G., Wang, Qi, Hollingsworth, Peter M., Li, Jie
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Beijing Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.11.2024
• Subjects: Cassytha; Cassytha filiformis; Climate change; Cryptic species; Differentiation; Environmental factors; Gene sequencing; Geographical distribution; Lauraceae; Miocene; Morphology; Multivariate analysis; parasitic angiosperms; Parasitic plants; phylogeny; Plant species; Speciation; Species; species delimitation; Subtropical zones; China
• ISSN: 1674-4918; 1759-6831
• DOI: 10.1111/jse.13069

Species delimitation remains a challenge worldwide, especially in highly diverse tropical and subtropical regions. Here, we use an integrative approach that combines morphology, phylogenomics, and species distribution modeling (SDM) to clarify the cryptic differentiation within the enigmatic hemiparasitic love vine Cassytha filiformis (Lauraceae) in China and adjacent regions. We generated complete plastid genomes and nuclear ribosomal sequences for diverse samples from across the species range and compared results with previously published plastid data, recovering two well‐supported monophyletic clades. Further, the analysis revealed significant differences in two morphological characters and SDM, indicating distinct environmental factors influencing their distributions. Fossil‐calibrated analyses to estimate the origins and diversification patterns for the cryptic species gave divergence age estimates corresponding to the Oligo‐Miocene; a period of new ecological opportunities associated with the prevailing East Asian monsoon. Multivariate analyses support the conclusion that southern China and adjacent regions have a different, previously unknown, cryptic lineage of C. filiformis. Our study highlights the importance of using multivariate approach to characterize plant species, as well as the significant role that past climatic changes have played in driving speciation in parasitic plants in tropical and subtropical zones. Integrating analyses of morphology, phylogenomics, and species distribution modeling, we clarified the cryptic speciation within the enigmatic hemiparasitic love vine Cassytha filiformis (Lauraceae) in China and adjacent regions. Fossil‐calibrated analyses to estimate the origins and diversification patterns for the cryptic species gave divergence age estimates corresponding to the Oligo‐Miocene. Our study highlights the potential for cryptic species in parasitic plants, as well as the significant role that climatic changes played in driving speciation in parasitic plants in tropical and subtropical zones.