Perturbation ofBrachypodium distachyon CELLULOSE SYNTHASE A4or7results in abnormal cell walls
Cellulose is an integral component of the plant cell wall and accounts for approximately forty percent of total plant biomass but understanding its mechanism of synthesis remains elusive. CELLULOSE SYNTHASE A (CESA) proteins function as catalytic subunits of a rosette-shaped complex that synthesizes...
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Published in | BMC plant biology Vol. 13; no. 1 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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BioMed Central Ltd
11.09.2013
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Abstract | Cellulose is an integral component of the plant cell wall and accounts for approximately forty percent of total plant biomass but understanding its mechanism of synthesis remains elusive. CELLULOSE SYNTHASE A (CESA) proteins function as catalytic subunits of a rosette-shaped complex that synthesizes cellulose at the plasma membrane. Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa) secondary wall CESA loss-of-function mutants have weak stems and irregular or thin cell walls. Here, we identify candidates for secondary wall CESAs in Brachypodium distachyon as having similar amino acid sequence and expression to those characterized in A. thaliana, namely CESA4/7/8. To functionally characterize BdCESA4 and BdCESA7, we generated loss-of-function mutants using artificial microRNA constructs, specifically targeting each gene driven by a maize (Zea mays) ubiquitin promoter. Presence of the transgenes reduced BdCESA4 and BdCESA7 transcript abundance, as well as stem area, cell wall thickness of xylem and fibers, and the amount of crystalline cellulose in the cell wall. These results suggest BdCESA4 and BdCESA7 play a key role in B. distachyon secondary cell wall biosynthesis. |
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AbstractList | Abstract
Background
Cellulose is an integral component of the plant cell wall and accounts for approximately forty percent of total plant biomass but understanding its mechanism of synthesis remains elusive. CELLULOSE SYNTHASE A (CESA) proteins function as catalytic subunits of a rosette-shaped complex that synthesizes cellulose at the plasma membrane.
Arabidopsis thaliana
and rice (
Oryza sativa
) secondary wall
CESA
loss-of-function mutants have weak stems and irregular or thin cell walls.
Results
Here, we identify candidates for secondary wall
CESA
s in
Brachypodium distachyon
as having similar amino acid sequence and expression to those characterized in
A. thaliana
, namely
CESA4
/
7
/
8
. To functionally characterize
BdCESA4
and
BdCESA7
, we generated loss-of-function mutants using artificial microRNA constructs, specifically targeting each gene driven by a maize (
Zea mays
) ubiquitin promoter. Presence of the transgenes reduced
BdCESA4
and
BdCESA7
transcript abundance, as well as stem area, cell wall thickness of xylem and fibers, and the amount of crystalline cellulose in the cell wall.
Conclusion
These results suggest
BdCESA4
and
BdCESA7
play a key role in
B. distachyon
secondary cell wall biosynthesis. Cellulose is an integral component of the plant cell wall and accounts for approximately forty percent of total plant biomass but understanding its mechanism of synthesis remains elusive. CELLULOSE SYNTHASE A (CESA) proteins function as catalytic subunits of a rosette-shaped complex that synthesizes cellulose at the plasma membrane. Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa) secondary wall CESA loss-of-function mutants have weak stems and irregular or thin cell walls. Here, we identify candidates for secondary wall CESAs in Brachypodium distachyon as having similar amino acid sequence and expression to those characterized in A. thaliana, namely CESA4/7/8. To functionally characterize BdCESA4 and BdCESA7, we generated loss-of-function mutants using artificial microRNA constructs, specifically targeting each gene driven by a maize (Zea mays) ubiquitin promoter. Presence of the transgenes reduced BdCESA4 and BdCESA7 transcript abundance, as well as stem area, cell wall thickness of xylem and fibers, and the amount of crystalline cellulose in the cell wall. These results suggest BdCESA4 and BdCESA7 play a key role in B. distachyon secondary cell wall biosynthesis. Background Cellulose is an integral component of the plant cell wall and accounts for approximately forty percent of total plant biomass but understanding its mechanism of synthesis remains elusive. CELLULOSE SYNTHASE A (CESA) proteins function as catalytic subunits of a rosette-shaped complex that synthesizes cellulose at the plasma membrane. Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa) secondary wall CESA loss-of-function mutants have weak stems and irregular or thin cell walls. Results Here, we identify candidates for secondary wall CESAs in Brachypodium distachyon as having similar amino acid sequence and expression to those characterized in A. thaliana, namely CESA4/7/8. To functionally characterize BdCESA4 and BdCESA7, we generated loss-of-function mutants using artificial microRNA constructs, specifically targeting each gene driven by a maize (Zea mays) ubiquitin promoter. Presence of the transgenes reduced BdCESA4 and BdCESA7 transcript abundance, as well as stem area, cell wall thickness of xylem and fibers, and the amount of crystalline cellulose in the cell wall. Conclusion These results suggest BdCESA4 and BdCESA7 play a key role in B. distachyon secondary cell wall biosynthesis. Keywords: Artificial microRNA, Brachypodium distachyon, Crystallinity, Secondary cell wall, Sum-frequency-generation vibration spectroscopy, Xylem |
ArticleNumber | 131 |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Handakumbura, Pubudu P Heo, Kyuyoung Osmont, Karen S Harrington, Michael J Baskin, Tobias I Kafle, Kabindra Matos, Dominick A Hazen, Samuel P Kim, Seong H |
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Background
Cellulose is an integral component of the plant cell wall and accounts for approximately forty percent of total plant biomass but... Cellulose is an integral component of the plant cell wall and accounts for approximately forty percent of total plant biomass but understanding its mechanism... Background Cellulose is an integral component of the plant cell wall and accounts for approximately forty percent of total plant biomass but understanding its... |
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Title | Perturbation ofBrachypodium distachyon CELLULOSE SYNTHASE A4or7results in abnormal cell walls |
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