Superconductivity in o-MAX phases

• Published in: Nanoscale Vol. 17; no. 9; pp. 5341 - 5349
• Main Authors: Keivanloo, Mohammad, Sandoghchi, Mohammad, Mohammadizadeh, Mohammad Reza, Kawamura, Mitsuaki, Raebiger, Hannes, Hongo, Kenta, Maezono, Ryo, Khazaei, Mohammad
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Royal Society of Chemistry 27.02.2025
• Subjects: Dynamic stability; Electron phonon interactions; Electrons; First principles; Metal carbides; Molybdenum; Niobium; Phases; Phonons; Superconductivity; Transition metals; Transition temperature; Zirconium
• ISSN: 2040-3364; 2040-3372; 2040-3372
• DOI: 10.1039/d4nr04231j

In recent years, MAX phases and their two-dimensional counterparts, MXenes, have emerged as significant subjects of interest in the fields of science and engineering, owing to their varied geometries, compositions, and extensive range of applications. This research employs first-principles calculations to explore the geometrical structures, electronic characteristics, phonon dispersions, dynamic stability, electron-phonon coupling (EPC), and superconducting properties of 27 out-of-plane ordered double transition metal carbides, referred to as o-MAX phases, characterized by the general formula M 2 M′AlC 2 (where M = Nb, Mo, W and M′ = Sc, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, W). We have identified 16 superconducting o-MAX phases, with four specific compounds W 2 VAlC 2 , W 2 NbAlC 2 , W 2 TaAlC 2 , and Mo 2 NbAlC 2 exhibiting a critical temperature ( T c ) that surpasses 10 K, representing the highest T c reported experimentally for MAX phases thus far. The calculated EPC constants for these materials are 0.98, 0.99, 1.02, and 0.74, correlating with T c values of 17.9, 14.8, 14.5, and 11 K, respectively. Remarkably, the predicted transition temperature of 17.9 K stands as the highest T c theoretically anticipated for any MAX phase to date. We conduct a thorough analysis of the specific mechanisms that facilitate superconductivity in these o-MAX systems. Our findings suggest that the presence of Kohn anomalies in low-frequency modes enhances electron-phonon interactions, resulting in increased superconducting transition temperatures ( T c ). Additionally, our results indicate that Nb 2 M′AlC 2 compounds do not display superconducting behavior. We performed a first-principles study to identify new superconductors within the o-MAX phase family M 2 M′AlC. Our investigation resulted in the discovery of 22 stable o-MAX phases, of which 16 are new superconducting variants.