New interstellar laboratories in the molecular ring

• Published in: Faraday discussions Vol. 245; pp. 138 - 163
• Main Authors: Wilkins, Olivia H, Blake, Geoffrey A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Royal Society of Chemistry 20.09.2023
• Subjects: Angular resolution; Antenna arrays; Astrochemistry; Chemistry; Emission; Interstellar chemistry; Massive stars; Molecular clouds; Protostars; Resolution; Spatial resolution; Star formation
• ISSN: 1359-6640; 1364-5498; 1364-5498
• DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00003f

Much of what is known about chemistry in star-forming regions comes from observations of nearby ( d < 500 pc) low-mass protostars. For chemistry in high-mass star-forming regions, several more distant ( d ∼ 2-8 kpc), exceptionally bright molecular sources have also been the subjects of repeated observations but with concomitantly poorer linear spatial resolution. Facilities such as ALMA and JWST, however, now provide the means for observing distant sources at dramatically higher spatial resolution and sensitivity. We used the modest resolving power of the Atacama Compact Array, a dedicated subset of ALMA antennas, to carry out a pilot survey of 11 giant molecular clouds selected from the Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey [Battisti & Heyer, Astrophys. J. , 2014, 780 , 173] within the so-called molecular ring between about 4 and 8 kpc from the galactic center. Within our observed sample, molecular emission regions-most of which correspond to at least one (candidate) young stellar object-exhibit a range of chemical complexity and diversity. Furthermore, nine target giant molecular clouds contain well-fit methanol emission, giving us a first look at the spatial chemical variability within the objects at relatively high (compared to past observations) resolutions of ∼5′′. This work lays the foundation for future high angular resolution studies of gas-phase chemistry with the full ALMA. The so-called molecular ring has been mostly absent from astrochemical observations despite containing the bulk of the Milky Way's molecular matter. A pilot survey of 11 molecular-ring giant molecular clouds with ALMA reveals new chemical stockrooms.