Quantitative imaging of brain energy metabolisms and neuroenergetics using in vivo X-nuclear 2H, 17O and 31P MRS at ultra-high field

• Published in: Journal of magnetic resonance (1997) Vol. 292; pp. 155 - 170
• Main Authors: Zhu, Xiao-Hong, Lu, Ming, Chen, Wei
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Inc 01.07.2018
• Subjects: Brain energy metabolism; Cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRGlc) and oxygen (CMRO2) consumption, and ATP production (CMRATP); In vivo X-nuclear MRS and imaging; NAD redox state; Neuroenergetics; TCA cycle rate (VTCA); Ultra-high magnetic field (UHF); NAD redox state; TCA cycle rate (VTCA); Ultra-high magnetic field (UHF); In vivo X-nuclear MRS and imaging; Brain energy metabolism; Neuroenergetics; Cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRGlc) and oxygen (CMRO2) consumption, and ATP production (CMRATP)
• ISSN: 1090-7807; 1096-0856; 1096-0856
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.05.005

Schematic diagram of major brain network involving energy metabolisms and hemodynamics occurring in the capillary, sub-cellular compartments including mitochondria and cytosol. These metabolic pathways and rates are associated with the cerebral metabolic rates of glucose (CMRGlc), oxygen (CMRO2) and ATP production (CMRATP), TCA cycle rate (VTAC) and NAD redox ratio (RXNAD). They can be noninvasively measured using advanced in vivo X-nuclear 2H, 17O and 31P MRS approaches, respectively. [Display omitted] •Ultrahigh field significantly improves in vivo MRS sensitivity and spectral resolution.•In vivo17O MRS for simultaneous imaging of CMRO2, CBF and OEF.•In vivo2H MRS for simultaneous measurement of CMRGlc and TCA cycle rate.•In vivo31P MRS for simultaneous measurement of CMRATP and CMRCK.•In vivo31P MRS for simultaneous measurement of NAD+, NADH and redox ratio. Brain energy metabolism relies predominantly on glucose and oxygen utilization to generate biochemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is essential for maintaining basal electrophysiological activities in a resting brain and supporting evoked neuronal activity under an activated state. Studying complex neuroenergetic processes in the brain requires sophisticated neuroimaging techniques enabling noninvasive and quantitative assessment of cerebral energy metabolisms and quantification of metabolic rates. Recent state-of-the-art in vivo X-nuclear MRS techniques, including 2H, 17O and 31P MRS have shown promise, especially at ultra-high fields, in the quest for understanding neuroenergetics and brain function using preclinical models and in human subjects under healthy and diseased conditions.