UGT2B10 is the Major UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 2B Isoform Involved in the Metabolism of Lamotrigine and is Implicated in the Drug-Drug Interaction with Valproic Acid

• Published in: The AAPS journal Vol. 26; no. 6; p. 107
• Main Authors: Tang, Lloyd Wei Tat, Lapham, Kimberly, Goosen, Theunis C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 25.09.2024; Springer
• Subjects: Anticonvulsants - metabolism; Anticonvulsants - pharmacokinetics; Atazanavir; Biochemistry; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Biotechnology; Complications and side effects; Divalproex; Drug Interactions; Enzymes; Glucuronides - metabolism; Glucuronosyltransferase - antagonists & inhibitors; Glucuronosyltransferase - metabolism; Humans; Isoenzymes - metabolism; Lamotrigine; Lamotrigine - metabolism; Lamotrigine - pharmacokinetics; Liver; Microsomes, Liver - metabolism; Pharmacology/Toxicology; Pharmacy; Physiological aspects; Research Article; Triazines - metabolism; Triazines - pharmacokinetics; Trifluoperazine; Valproic acid; Valproic Acid - metabolism; Valproic Acid - pharmacokinetics; UGT2B10; reaction phenotyping; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase; lamotrigine; drug metabolism
• ISSN: 1550-7416; 1550-7416
• DOI: 10.1208/s12248-024-00978-8

Lamotrigine is a phenyltriazine anticonvulsant that is primarily metabolized by phase II UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) to a quaternary N2-glucuronide, which accounts for ~ 90% of the excreted dose in humans. While there is consensus that UGT1A4 plays a predominant role in the formation of the N2-glucuronide, there is compelling evidence in the literature to suggest that the metabolism of lamotrigine is catalyzed by another UGT isoform. However, the exact identity of the UGT isoform that contribute to the formation of this glucuronide remains uncertain. In this study, we harnessed a robust reaction phenotyping strategy to delineate the identities and its associated fraction metabolized (f m ) of the UGTs involved in lamotrigine N2-glucuronidation. Foremost, human recombinant UGT mapping experiments revealed that the N2-glucuronide is catalyzed by multiple UGT isoforms. (i.e., UGT1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A9, 2B4, 2B7, and 2B10). Thereafter, scaling the apparent intrinsic clearances obtained from the enzyme kinetic experiments with our in-house liver-derived relative expression factors (REF) and relative activity factors (RAF) revealed that, in addition to UGT1A4, UGT2B10 was involved in the N2-glucuronidation of lamotrigine. This was further confirmed via chemical inhibition in human liver microsomes with the UGT1A4-selective inhibitor hecogenin and the UGT2B10-selective inhibitor desloratadine. By integrating various orthogonal approaches (i.e., REF- and RAF-scaling, and chemical inhibition), we quantitatively determined that the f m for UGT1A4 and UGT2B10 ranged from 0.42 – 0.64 and 0.32 – 0.57, respectively. Finally, we also provided nascent evidence that the pharmacokinetic interaction between lamotrigine and valproic acid likely arose from the in vivo inhibition of its UGT2B10-mediated pathway.