Comparison of the Effectiveness of Drag Reduction Devices on a Simplified Truck Model through Numerical Simulation

• Published in: Modelling Vol. 3; no. 3; pp. 300 - 313
• Main Authors: Charles, Terrance, Yang, Zhiyin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.09.2022
• Subjects: Aerodynamic drag; Cross flow; Devices; Drag reduction; drag reduction device; Effectiveness; Efficiency; Emissions; Engineering; Mathematical models; numerical simulation; RANS; Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes method; Reynolds number; Simulation; Tractors; Trailers; Trucks; Turbulence models
• ISSN: 2673-3951; 2673-3951
• DOI: 10.3390/modelling3030019

The aerodynamic efficiency of trucks is very low because of their non-streamlined box shape, which is subject to practical constraints, leaving little room for improvement in terms of aerodynamic efficiency. Hence, other means of improving the aerodynamic efficiency of trucks are needed, and one practical yet relatively simple method to reduce aerodynamic drag is deploying drag reduction devices on trucks. This paper describes a numerical study of flow over a simplified truck with drag reduction devices. The numerical approach employed was Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS). Four test cases with different drag reduction devices deployed around the tractor–trailer gap region were studied. The effectiveness of those drag reduction devices was assessed, and it was demonstrated that in all four cases, the aerodynamic drag was reduced compared with the baseline case without any drag reduction devices. The most effective device was case 4 (about 24% reduction), with a roof deflector, side extenders, and five cross-flow vortex trap devices (CVTDs). Flow field analysis was performed to shed light on drag reduction mechanisms, which confirmed our previous findings that the main reason for the drag reduction was the reduced pressure on the front face of the trailer, while the reduction in the turbulence level in the tractor–trailer gap region contributed much less to the overall drag reduction.