How Can Innovation in Urban Agriculture Contribute to Sustainability? A Characterization and Evaluation Study from Five Western European Cities

Compared to rural agriculture, urban agriculture (UA) has some distinct features (e.g., the limited land access, alternative growing media, unique legal environments or the non-production-related missions) that encourage the development of new practices, i.e., “novelties” or “innovations”. This pape...

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Published inSustainability Vol. 11; no. 15; p. 4221
Main Authors Sanyé-Mengual, Esther, Specht, Kathrin, Grapsa, Erofili, Orsini, Francesco, Gianquinto, Giorgio
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.08.2019
Subjects
Adaptation
Agricultural production
Agriculture
Business models
Case studies
Consumers
Consumption
Farms
Food security
Horticulture
Innovations
Land use
Rural areas
Social factors
Social innovation
Sustainability
Sustainable agriculture
Sustainable development
Sustainable materials
Technological change
Urban agriculture
Urban farming
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Summary:Compared to rural agriculture, urban agriculture (UA) has some distinct features (e.g., the limited land access, alternative growing media, unique legal environments or the non-production-related missions) that encourage the development of new practices, i.e., “novelties” or “innovations”. This paper aims to (1) identify the “triggers” for novelty production in UA; (2) characterize the different kinds of novelties applied in UA; (3) evaluate the “innovativeness” of those social, environmental and economic novelties; and, (4) estimate the links between novelties and sustainability. The study was based on the evaluation of 11 case studies in four Western European countries (Italy, Germany, France and Spain). The results show that the trigger and origin of new activities can often be traced back to specific problems that initiators were intended to address or solve. In total, we found 147 novelties produced in the 11 case studies. More novelties are produced in the environmental and social dimensions of sustainability than in the economic. In most cases, external stakeholders played an important role in supporting the projects. The analysis further suggests that innovativeness enhances the overall sustainability in urban agriculture projects.
ISSN:2071-1050
2071-1050
DOI:10.3390/su11154221