Economic Development and Female Labour Force Participation: The Case of European Union Countries

In this paper, we studied the relationship between female labour force participation and economic development in the 28 countries of the European Union during the period 1990–2016. The analysis was carried out from two different viewpoints: first, we studied all the countries of the EU-28, and secon...

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Published inSustainability Vol. 11; no. 7; p. 1962
Main Authors Altuzarra, Amaia, Gálvez-Gálvez, Catalina, González-Flores, Ana
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.04.2019
Subjects
Business cycles
Economic conditions
Economic crisis
Economic development
Economic growth
Economic models
Education
Employment
Fertility
Households
Hypotheses
International comparisons
Labor force
Labor market
Life expectancy
Macroeconomics
Maternity & paternity leaves
Participation
Unemployment
Women
Turkey
United States > US
Germany
India
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Summary:In this paper, we studied the relationship between female labour force participation and economic development in the 28 countries of the European Union during the period 1990–2016. The analysis was carried out from two different viewpoints: first, we studied all the countries of the EU-28, and second, the evidence was disaggregated into two groups of countries: old (EU-15) and new (EU-13) member estates. The data used came from the World Bank open data repository and Eurostat. The methodology used consisted of the estimation of static (Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Fixed Effects (FE)) and dynamic (generalized moments model—GMM) models. Results for all European countries (EU-28) were consistent with the hypothesis which suggests the existence of a U-shaped relationship between female labour force participation and economic development. When the sample was broken down into groups, we found evidence that confirms the feminization hypothesis for the new countries of the EU, but not for the old ones.
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ISSN:2071-1050
2071-1050
DOI:10.3390/su11071962