A Scalable PDC Placement Technique for Fast and Resilient Monitoring of Large Power Grids

• Published in: IEEE transactions on control of network systems Vol. 10; no. 4; pp. 1 - 12
• Main Authors: Islam, Md. Zahidul, Edib, Shamsun N., Vokkarane, Vinod M., Lin, Yuzhang, Fan, Xiaoyuan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Piscataway IEEE 01.12.2023; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Algorithms; communication network; Configuration management; Data transfer (computers); Graph theory; Heuristic methods; Measuring instruments; Monitoring; Observability; Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC); Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU); Phasor measurement units; Phasors; Placement; power grid monitoring; Power grids; Power measurement; Resilience; resiliency; smart grid; State estimation; Wide Area Management System (WAMS); Wide area measurements
• ISSN: 2325-5870; 2325-5870; 2372-2533
• DOI: 10.1109/TCNS.2023.3240200

The Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS) is a key enabler of real-time monitoring of power grids. The essential goals of WAMS design are fast and resilient data transfer from phasor measurement units (PMU) to phasor data concentrators (PDC). We propose a scalable two-stage PDC placement technique for minimizing the end-to-end delay while maintaining resiliency. In the prescreening stage, the plausible candidates of PDC configurations are identified based on a graph theory-based multi-median function (MMF). A computationally efficient meta-heuristic algorithm is used to address scalability. In the candidate selection stage, two different algorithms, namely Suurballe's and Dijkstra's, are employed to identify the best of those plausible PDC configurations as the final design. This technique not only minimizes the hop paths between PMUs and PDCs, but also ensures network resiliency against single PMU, PDC, or communication link failure by incorporating the roles of PMUs in power grid observability into routing policy. Simulation results on the IEEE 57-bus test power system and the 2000-bus test power system demonstrate the effectiveness and scalability of the proposed technique.