Device Design for Multitask Graphene Electromagnetic Detection Based on Second Harmonic Generation

• Published in: IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques Vol. 72; no. 7; pp. 4174 - 4182
• Main Authors: Yang, Cheng, Guo, Chu-Ming, Xu, Jie, Zhang, Hai-Feng
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 01.07.2024; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Blood groups; Crystals; Dielectrics; Effectiveness; Electric fields; Electromagnetic detection; Electromagnetic radiation; ferroelectric crystal; Ferroelectric crystals; Ferroelectricity; Filling; Graphene; Hemoglobin; Refractivity; Second harmonic generation; second harmonic generation (SHG); strontium barium niobate (SBN); Task analysis; Thickness; Transmission electron microscopy; X-ray scattering
• ISSN: 0018-9480; 1557-9670
• DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2023.3347528

The generation of a second harmonic wave (SHW) is a process of electromagnetic radiation at a specific frequency, often occurring in polarized ferroelectric crystals (FCs). In this article, a multitask graphene electromagnetic detection device (GEDD) based on second harmonic generation (SHG) is proposed. Through the periodic arrangement of different dielectric materials, the SHW conversion efficiency steadily increases within the structure, enabling multiscale detection of graphene thickness, angle, and hemoglobin concentration. By utilizing the shift <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">f_{1} </tex-math></inline-formula> in the SHW peak (SHWP), the number of graphene layers (ranging from one to ten layers) can be accurately identified through thickness detection. The sensitivity (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{S} </tex-math></inline-formula>) is 62.1 GHz/nm. Leveraging the high-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{S} </tex-math></inline-formula> of 147 GHz/°, the shift <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">f_{2} </tex-math></inline-formula> in the SHWP within the graphene structure can be employed for precise small-angle detection within a range of 4°-6°. Furthermore, by altering the filling medium of the test cavity, positioning the change value of SHWP can promote high-precision identification of hemoglobin concentrations of different blood types within the refractive index (RI) range of 1.6-1.7. The design of high-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{S} </tex-math></inline-formula> multitask GEDD holds significant importance for expediting graphene material research. Moreover, it offers a novel approach for the precise application of SHW in the field of electromagnetic detection.