Moving Object Localization in Distributed MIMO With Clock and Frequency Offsets

• Published in: IEEE sensors journal Vol. 23; no. 13; pp. 14746 - 14757
• Main Authors: Lin, Qinman, Mao, Xiaoting, Wu, Xiaoping
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 01.07.2023; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Clocks; Closed-form solution (CFS); distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems; Doppler effect; Doppler shifts (DSs); Error analysis; Localization; Location awareness; Low noise; Lower bounds; MIMO communication; moving target localization; Moving targets; Noise level; Noise levels; Offsets; Receivers; Semidefinite programming; semidefinite programming (SDP); Sensors; time delays (TDs); Transmitters
• ISSN: 1530-437X; 1558-1748
• DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2023.3277344

This article investigates the localization problem of the moving target in distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, where the transmitters are subject to clock and frequency offsets. The position and velocity of the moving target are jointly determined by applying time delay (TD) and Doppler shift (DS) measurements. For this purpose, two efficient solution approaches are proposed to estimate the unknowns of the moving target, as well as the clock and frequency offsets. Firstly, the nonconvex localization problem is first relaxed into a convex semidefinite programming (SDP) form. Additionally, a two-stage closed-form solution (TSCFS) approach is proposed to determine the unknowns. The performance of the proposed methods is examined by the mean square error (mse) analysis. The simulated results show that the performance of the proposed solutions are able to approach the Cramér-rao lower bound (CRLB) accuracy at low noise levels. In contrast, the SDP solution performs better than the TSCFS in the presence of high noise levels or a small number of receivers.