Effect of tillage and fertilization on inorganic and organic soil phosphorus

• Published in: Canadian journal of soil science Vol. 73; no. 3; pp. 359 - 369
• Main Author: O'HALLORAN, I.P
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Ottawa, ON Agricultural Institute of Canada 01.08.1993
• Subjects: Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions; Biological and medical sciences; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; General agronomy. Plant production; Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizations; Phosphorus fertilization; Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility. Fertilization. Amendments; Manure; Monocotyledones; Soil tillage; Zea mays; Minimum tillage; Cereal crop; Phosphorus Organic compounds; Plowing; Silt loam soil; Gramineae; Mineral fertilization; Content; Angiospermae; Spermatophyta
• ISSN: 0008-4271; 1918-1841
• DOI: 10.4141/cjss93-038

This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of tillage and fertilization practices on soil organic carbon (organic-C) and the distribution of phosphorus between inorganic (Pi) and organic (Po) pools in a clay and sandy loam soil under a continuous corn (Zea mays L.) production system. Tillage treatments were established in the fall of 1981. The soils for this study were sampled (0- to 10-cm and 10- to 20-cm) in June 1988. Treatments consisted of three types of tillage: (i) conventional (CT): fall moldboard ploughing with two spring diskings; (ii) reduced (RT): with either fall chisel ploughing (1981–1986) or no fall tillage (1987) followed by one spring disking, and (iii) no-till (NT); and two types of fertilization (i) inorganic (I): 170 kg N ha −1 . 80 kg P 2 O 5 , ha −1 , 75 kg K 2 O ha −1 , and (ii) organic fertilizer (O): dairy manure applied to give 170 kg N ha −1 plus 80 kg P 2 O 5 , ha −1 from inorganic P fertilizer. Even though a lime application was made in the fall of 1985, soil pH was significantly lower in the I fertilizer treatments. Reduction of tillage intensity resulted in a lower pH in the surface layer of the sandy loam soil. Tillage did not affect soil organic-C, or total soil Po (soil-Po) in either soil. Compared with the I fertilizer treatment, the O fertilizer treatment resulted in increased levels of soil organic-C and soil-Po only in the sandy loam soil. Labile levels of Po in the soil were not affected by treatments. Increased soil-Po levels possibly resulted from an increase in stable Po complexes. Moderately labile Po levels were not affected by treatments in the clay soil. In the sandy loam soil, O fertilization decreased moderately labile Po levels in the surface layer of the NT treatment, and increased this P fraction in the 10- to 20-cm soil layer of the RT and CT treatments. In the surface layer of both soils, labile levels of Pi were greater for the O fertilization treatment (approximately 40 and 47% higher for the clay and sandy loam, respectively), and were lower under CT. Increased labile Pi levels were associated with the O fertilizer treatment in the 10- to 20-cm depth increment in the sandy loam soil only, suggesting a greater downward movement of P with manure applications. Key words: Conventional tillage, zero-tilled, no-till, reduced tillage, manure, P fractionation