Evaluating Earthworms’ Potential for Remediating Soils Contaminated with Olive Mill Waste Sediments

• Published in: Applied sciences Vol. 10; no. 7; p. 2624
• Main Authors: Sanchez-Hernandez, Juan C., Sáez, Jose A., Vico, Alberto, Moreno, Joaquín, Moral, Raúl
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.04.2020
• Subjects: Bioassays; Biocompatibility; Biodegradation; Biomarkers; Bioremediation; Body weight; earthworm ecotoxicology; Environmental hazards; Enzymatic activity; Enzymes; Food processing industry wastes; Food waste; Inoculation; Lumbricus terrestris; Microorganisms; Oligochaeta; Olive oil; Oxidative stress; Phenolic compounds; Phenols; Ponds; Residues; Sediment pollution; Sediments; Soil amendment; Soil contamination; soil enzymes; Soil mixtures; Soil pollution; Soil remediation; Toxic hazards; Spain
• ISSN: 2076-3417; 2076-3417
• DOI: 10.3390/app10072624

The olive-oil industry generates large amounts of residues that, in the past, were accumulated in evaporating ponds in many Mediterranean countries. Currently, these open-air ponds pose a serious environmental hazard because of toxic chemicals that concentrate in their sediments. Bioremediation of olive mill waste (OMW) sediments has emerged as a viable option for managing this environmentally problematic residue. Here, we postulate that inoculation of an OMW-soil mixture with earthworms may be a complementary bioremediation strategy to that using native microorganisms only. A laboratory study assessed the ecotoxicity of OMW-amended soils (10%, 20%, 40% and 80% w/w) combining earthworm biomarker responses and soil enzyme activities. The doses of 40% and 80% were toxic to earthworms, as evidenced by the high mortality rate, loss of body weight and signs of oxidative stress after 30 d of soil incubation. Conversely, doses ≤ 20% w/w were compatible with earthworm activity, as indicated by the significant increase of soil enzyme activities. Total concentrations of phenolic compounds decreased by more than 70% respect to initial concentrations in 10% and 20% OMW treatments. These results suggest that OMW sediments intentionally mixed with soils in an up to 20% proportion is a workable bioremediation strategy, where earthworms can be inoculated to facilitate the OMW degradation.