Cyber-Physical Ubiquitous Cycling With Fuzzy-Controlled Panorama Manifestation Based on Internet of Things Technologies

• Published in: IEEE sensors journal Vol. 20; no. 5; pp. 2748 - 2756
• Main Authors: Chen, Lien-Wu, Tsao, Chih-Cheng, Chen, Hsien-Min, Tsai, Ming-Fong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 01.03.2020; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Acceleration; Bicycles; Bicycling; Bluetooth; Cyber-physical system; Feasibility; Fuzzy control; Fuzzy sets; Fuzzy systems; fuzzy theorem; Google; Internet of Things; Sensors; Smart phones; street view; Virtual reality
• ISSN: 1530-437X; 1558-1748
• DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2019.2953279

In this paper, we propose a cyber-physical ubiquitous cycling (CPUC) framework for cyclists using smartphones to ride a bicycle around the world through street view and virtual reality based on Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. Through the proposed CPUC framework, the cyclist can visit everywhere on demand including pedestrian-only/vehicle-prohibited places in a cyber-physical cycling manner. To provide the best ubiquitous cycling experience, a fuzzy control mechanism is designed in CPUC to determine the feasible video frame updating based on the defined fuzzy sets of wheel rotation periods and cycling acceleration. According to our review of relevant research, CPUC is the first cycling solution for spatiotemporal liberation that can achieve the sensitive interaction of street view riding and provide the immersive experience of virtual reality biking through the designed fuzzy-controlled panorama manifestation. In particular, an Android-based prototype with the Arduino developing board is implemented to verify the feasibility and superiority of our CPUC system. Experimental results show that the designed fuzzy control mechanism outperforms the non-fuzzy scheme and can provide the smooth manifestation and high sensitivity of street view/virtual reality.