Long-Term Map Maintenance Pipeline for Autonomous Vehicles

• Published in: IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems Vol. 23; no. 8; pp. 10427 - 10440
• Main Authors: Berrio, Julie Stephany, Worrall, Stewart, Shan, Mao, Nebot, Eduardo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 01.08.2022; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Algorithms; Autonomous vehicles; Feature extraction; Feature maps; feature-based map; Localization; Long-term localisation; Maintenance; Maintenance engineering; map update; Pipelines; Task analysis; Transient analysis; Urban environments; Visualization
• ISSN: 1524-9050; 1558-0016
• DOI: 10.1109/TITS.2021.3094485

For autonomous vehicles to operate persistently in a typical urban environment, it is essential to have high accuracy position information. This requires a mapping and localisation system that can adapt to changes over time. A localisation approach based on a single-survey map will not be suitable for long-term operation as it does not incorporate variations in the environment. In this paper, we present new algorithms to maintain a featured-based map. A map maintenance pipeline is proposed that can continuously update a map with the most relevant features taking advantage of the changes in the surroundings. Our pipeline detects and removes transient features based on their geometrical relationships with the vehicle's pose. Newly identified features became part of a new feature map and are assessed by the pipeline as candidates for the localisation map. By purging out-of-date features and adding newly detected features, we continually update the prior map to more accurately represent the most recent environment. We have validated our approach using the USyd Campus Dataset, which includes more than 18 months of data. The results presented demonstrate that our maintenance pipeline produces a resilient map which can provide sustained localisation performance over time.