Postmyocardial Infarction Cardiac Rehabilitation in Low Risk Patients. Results With a Coordinated Program of Cardiological and Primary Care

To assess the efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation with a mixed primary and cardiological care program in patients with low-risk myocardial infarction. The participants in this 12-month prospective study were 153 consecutive patients with low-risk myocardial infarction (MI) referred to their primary c...

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Published inRevista española de cardiologia Vol. 57; no. 1; pp. 53 - 59
Main Authors Espinosa Caliani, Salvador, Bravo Navas, José C., Gómez-Doblas, Juan J., Collantes Rivera, Ricardo, González Jiménez, Belén, Martínez Lao, Matilde, de Teresa Galván, Eduardo
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Spanish
Published Spain Elsevier Espana 2004
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Summary:To assess the efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation with a mixed primary and cardiological care program in patients with low-risk myocardial infarction. The participants in this 12-month prospective study were 153 consecutive patients with low-risk myocardial infarction (MI) referred to their primary care center for follow-up care. Of these patients, 113 were referred to a mixed primary and specialized care program that included physical exercise, cardiovascular risk control, an antismoking program, health education talks and psychological evaluation. The other 40 patients served as controls. We analyzed the results after 3 months and 1 year of follow-up. There were no differences between the two groups at baseline. After 1 year, improvements were seen in smoking habit (4.6% vs 15.6%; P<.05) and body mass index (26 [2] vs 29 [2]; P<.05). Dyslipidemia, glucose and blood pressure were similar in both groups after follow-up. Greater improvements in the group of patients who participated in the program were seen after 1 year in quality of life (78 [2] vs 91 [2]; P<.05), exercise capacity (10.3 [2] vs 8.4 [3]; P<.01) and return to active employment (84.6% vs 53.3%; P<.05). After 1 year of follow-up, the cardiac rehabilitation program coordinated by cardiological and primary care services for low-risk post-MI patients improved quality of life, and increased exercise tolerance, active employment, and the number of participants who quit smoking. The mixed program also reduced body mass index. These results suggest the need for similar programs. Evaluar la eficacia de un programa de rehabilitación cardíaca para pacientes con infartos de miocardio de bajo riesgo coordinados por la cardiología especializada y en colaboración con atención primaria. Un total de 153 pacientes con infarto de miocardio de bajo riesgo fueron remitidos de forma consecutiva al centro de atención primaria para proseguir con el control evolutivo. En 113 pacientes se aplicó un programa conjunto que incluía ejercicio físico, control de los factores de riesgo, programa antitabaco, charlas de educación sanitaria y valoración psicológica. Los 40 pacientes restantes en los que no se aplicó el programa formaron el grupo control. No se observaron diferencias basales entre los 2 grupos. A los 3 y a los 12 meses mejoró el abandono de tabaco (4,6 frente al 15,6% a los 12 meses; p < 0,05) y el índice de masa corporal (26 plusmn; 2 frente a 29 plusmn; 2 a los 12 meses; p < 0,05). La dislipemia, la glucemia y la presión arterial estuvieron controladas por igual. El grupo activo mejoró la calidad de vida al año de seguimiento (78 plusmn; 2 frente a 91 plusmn; 2, p < 0,05), la capacidad de esfuerzo medida en equivalentes metabólicos (10,3 plusmn; 2 frente a 8,4 plusmn; 3; p < 0,01) y el retorno laboral (el 84,6 frente al 53,3%; p < 0,05). En enfermos con antecedentes de infarto de miocardio de bajo riesgo que realizan un programa de rehabilitación cardíaca coordinado entre cardiología y atención primaria se observa una mejoría de la calidad de vida y de la tolerancia al esfuerzo, un mayor retorno laboral, un mayor abandono del hábito tabáquico y una disminución del índice de masa corporal al año de seguimiento. Estos resultados indican la necesidad de potenciar programas similares.
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ISSN:1885-5857
0300-8932
1885-5857
DOI:10.1016/S1885-5857(06)60087-X