Features of functional and dysfunctional CD8+ T cells to guide HIV vaccine development

CD8+ T cell responses are a key component of the host immune response to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but vary significantly across individuals with distinct clinical outcomes. These differences help inform the qualitative features of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells that we should aim to induce by v...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inCurrent opinion in HIV & AIDS Vol. 18; no. 5; p. 257
Main Authors Bhattacharyya, Shaown, Crain, Charles R, Goldberg, Benjamin, Gaiha, Gaurav D
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States 01.09.2023
Subjects
AIDS Vaccines
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes
HIV Infections
Humans
Vaccination
Vaccine Development
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Summary:CD8+ T cell responses are a key component of the host immune response to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but vary significantly across individuals with distinct clinical outcomes. These differences help inform the qualitative features of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells that we should aim to induce by vaccination. We review previous and more recent findings on the features of dysfunctional and functional CD8+ T cell responses that develop in individuals with uncontrolled and controlled HIV infection, with particular emphasis on proliferation, cytotoxic effector function, epitope specificity, and responses in lymph nodes. We also discuss the implications of these findings for both prophylactic and therapeutic T cell vaccine development within the context of T cell vaccine trials. The induction of HIV specific CD8+ T cell responses is an important goal of ongoing vaccine efforts. Emerging data on the key features of CD8+ T cell responses that distinguish individuals who spontaneously control from those with progressive disease continues to provide key guidance.
ISSN:1746-6318
DOI:10.1097/COH.0000000000000812